Mass Migrations like occured during the 12 to 14 million people being displaced during the Partition and wars between Hindus and Muslims in the 20th century is similar to the number of displaced people from Syria, Iraq and Yemen now. This presently is one of the two biggest mass migrations caused by the sectarian war between Sunni Muslims and Shia Muslims in world history. It is also possible that World War II caused mass migrations like this too, although I'm not presently familiar with the numbers in regard to that.
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mass migration
Mass migration
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about mass migration. For human migration in general, see Human migration.
Chinese immigrants on board the steam ship Alaska, headed for San Francisco.
A specific mass migration that is seen as especially influential to the course of history may be referred to as a 'great migration'. For example, great migrations include the Barbarian Invasions during the Roman Empire, the Great Migration from England of the 1630s, the California Gold Rush from 1848–1850, the Great Migration of African Americans from the rural American south to the industrial north during 1920–1950, and the The Great Oromo Migrations of Oromo tribes during the 15th and 16th centuries in the Horn of Africa.
Historians often identify an 'age of mass migration', occurring from c. 1850 to 1914 (sometimes 1940), in which long distance migration occurred at an unprecedented and exceptionally high rate.
There were three factors that led to the 'age of mass migration'. First, cost of migration decreased dramatically. Second, benefits of migration rise (returns on migration was higher in the United States than in other countries). Third, open border regimes. 'Age of mass migration' usually refers to the voluntary transatlantic migration of European peasants and labourers to the Americas. Immigration from Europe accounted for about 40% of total United States population growth in late 19th century. However, it has been argued that the term should include other mass migrations that occurred in the same period, since similar large numbers of people migrated long distances within the continent of Asia, most notably during the Pakistan Movement and subsequent partition of India in 1947. UNHCR estimates 14 million Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims were displaced during the partition, the largest mass migration in human history.[1][2] During open border regimes, immigrants attracted by falling costs of migration and higher wages in the U.S. Migrant selection varied over time and across sending country, depending on relative wage premium in U.S. for high/low skilled and cost of migration. In late 20th century, migrants converge upon native-born in labor market but never fully catch up. [3][4]
Mass migration may also be forced migration, such as the Atlantic slave trade. Religious persecution mass migrations, such as the biblical Exodus and migration through the upper Himalayan route from the east by Purohits of Aryan and non- Aryan descent. Similarly, mass migrations may take place in the form of deportation. For example, Japanese internment in the United States and imprisonment in Nazi concentration camps during World War II, deportations to Gulag camps in the Soviet Union, and coolie-labour in Southeast Asia and the Caribbean.
Use in nativist discourses
See also: Nativism (politics)
![[icon]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} |
This section requires expansion. (July 2015) |
See also
- Human migration
- Great Migration (disambiguation)
- Gold rush
- Silver rush
- Transatlantic migrations
- Urbanization in China
References
- Adam McKeown, 'Global migrations 1846-1940' in Journal of Global History
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