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The 15-Point Federal Checklist for Self-Driving Cars
Federal regulators urge automakers to prove that their semiautonomous and driverless ...
New York Times - 3 hours ago
Self-driving cars will have to clear a new federal safety checklist | Recode Daily: September 20, 2016
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New rules of the road for self-driving cars have just been released
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The 15-Point Federal Checklist for Self-Driving Cars - Latest Headlines
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Federal regulators announced their first safety checklist ever for semiautonomous and driverless cars this week. In the guidelines, the United States Department of Transportation
urged automakers and tech companies to prove that their semiautonomous
and autonomous vehicles could meet a 15-point list of safety
expectations before the autos hit the road.
We broke down the 15 points:
DATA SHARING
These giant computers on wheels collect piles of driving data.
Carmakers should store that data and share it with regulators who can
use the information to reconstruct what went wrong in a crash or system
breakdown.
PRIVACY
Car owners should have a clear understanding of what kind of data is
being collected by the vehicles. They should also be able to reject any
collection of personal information such as on biometrics or driver
behavior.
SYSTEM SAFETY
The cars must be engineered to respond safely to software malfunctions,
near crashes, loss of traction and other risks. Carmakers should get
outside validation of their safety systems and prove their cars can
operate safely even when technology problems are encountered.
DIGITAL SECURITY
The vehicles should be engineered with safeguards to prevent online
attacks. Automakers should record all programming decisions and testing
around security and share that information with others in the industry.
HUMAN-MACHINE INTERFACE
Carmakers must show how their vehicles can safely switch between
autopilot and human control. Human drivers should be able to easily find
basic information about issues such as when automated driving is not
available. Automakers should also consider ways to communicate to
pedestrians and other cars when the car is in autopilot mode. Fully
autonomous vehicle controls should be designed for people with
disabilities.
CRASHWORTHINESS Driverless cars must meet the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s
regular standards for “crashworthiness,” or prove that the vehicles are
built to best protect occupants in a crash. If an autonomous vehicle
crashes, the crash damage should not be any different from the damage to
any other car of the same type.
CONSUMER EDUCATION Automakers
must train their sales representatives and other staff members on how
autopilot works so they can educate car dealers and distributors. The
carmakers and sellers should also provide consumers with training on the
capabilities and limitations of autonomous vehicles and on emergency
fallback scenarios.
CERTIFICATION Any software updates or new driverless features must be submitted to the N.H.T.S.A.
POST-CRASH BEHAVIOR Automakers
should prove their cars are safe to use again after a crash. For
example, a car should not be able to go into driverless mode unless
damaged sensors or critical safety control systems have been repaired.
LAWS AND PRACTICES
The vehicles should follow various state and local laws and practices
that apply to drivers. For example, the cars must be able to recognize
different speed limits in different cities and states, and whether a
state allows U-turns or right turns at red lights. To avoid a crash, the
cars should be able to respond in a way that may violate a law — such
as crossing over a double yellow line.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Many human driving decisions carry ethical considerations, so the way a
car is programmed also carries ethical consequences. For example,
should a car be programmed to better protect its occupants or other
drivers in a crash? Or in heavy traffic, should a car be able to violate
the traffic rule of crossing double lines at the risk of running into
oncoming traffic? These programming decisions should be clearly
disclosed to the N.H.T.S.A.
OPERATIONAL DESIGN
This is similar to a manual that describes where, when and under what
conditions a driverless system works. The carmakers have to prove their
vehicles have been tested and validated to fulfill these descriptions,
which include how fast a car can travel and whether it’s capable of
driving at night and on rocky dirt roads.
DETECTION AND RESPONSE
How will a car respond to other cars, pedestrians, animals and falling
trees? The automaker must show the car has been programmed to respond to
normal driving situations like changing lanes and heeding traffic
signals. They must also prove that their cars can avoid big surprises
and crashes.
FALLBACK
The car should be able to change modes safely when there is a
technological malfunction. But the switch from automated driving to
human control should also take into account the condition of the driver
and recognize if the driver is under the influence of alcohol or drowsy
and unable to take control safely.
VALIDATION Automakers
need to develop testing and validation methods that account for the
wide range of technologies used in driverless cars. Their tests should
include simulation, test track and on-road testing.
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