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I mentioned this in my last article and was able to find a little about this but it dates back (what I could find to Christmas eve 2015). I found another article here too. There are more if you want to research them. One of the things I was thinking about is as the magnetosphere degrades down to zero to 10% of what was normal before 2000 (which might be the result of a polar reversal or similar type of event that takes 1000 to 10,000 years to go through it might be making life on earth more vulnerable to cosmic rays when before 2000 we would not be genetically (mutation wise) vulnerable to these events as much.Another possibility is we are degrading our Magnetosphere through generating electricity through breaking the fields of magnets which is our main electrical generation source here on earth. If you study plasma from the sun my theory is that plasma from the sun as it relates to earth is a primary source of electrical energy here on earth. So, the Magnetic fields and the magnetosphere are energized by the plasma streams from the sun. Without a strong Magnetosphere humans and all dna based life cannot reproduce because of genetic damage and sterilization from Cosmic rays. So, either we are going through a polar reversal (which causes a diminished magnetosphere) or both a reversal or we are also depleting our magnetosphere through generation of electricity through breaking magnetic fields which also drain our magnetosphere or there are other possibilities as well.However, any way you look at it our magnetosphere is nothing compared to what it was before 2000 AD now. So, if humans want to continue to reproduce here on earth they will either move underground (deeper than 10 feet or live under the ocean deeper than 30 to 50 feet deep to get away from mutating rays now coming through our very weak magnetosphere worldwide. You can research yourselves everything I'm writing about here. So far humans can still reproduce enough but over time this might change.One of the reasons reproduction cannot occur on Mars is it's magnetosphere is depleted. You would also have to live 10 feet under the ground on Mars to be able to reproduce. However, just the journey there is going to sterilize everyone before they get there from cosmic rays. Even astronauts in the Space station are sterilized by being there circling earth. Most people don't realize this that they are told to already have had all their children BEFORE they go into space. Because no astronaut can have ANY biological children after they return from space.begin quote from:http://www.universetoday.com/21236/cosmic-rays-from-mysterious-source-bombarding-earth/ Dec 24, 2015 ... Scientists have discovered an unidentified source of high-energy cosmic rays bombarding Earth from space. They say it must be close to the ...
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https://www.auger.org/index.php/cosmic-rays/cosmic-ray-mystery
Cosmic rays are fast-moving particles from space that constantly bombard the
earth ... Lower-energy cosmic ray particles that strike the earth come from within
our own ... explanation for the mysterious source of the highest-energy cosmic
rays.
The Mystery of High-Energy Cosmic Rays
Scientists love a mystery, because solving a mystery in nature means the opportunity to learn something new about the universe. High-energy cosmic rays are just such a mystery. Something out there - no one knows what - is hurling incredibly energetic particles around the universe. Do these particles come from some unknown superpowerful cosmic explosion? From a huge black hole sucking stars to their violent deaths? From colliding galaxies?
We don't yet know the answers, but we do know that solving this mystery will take scientists another step forward in understanding the universe.
Cosmic rays are fast-moving particles from space that constantly bombard the earth from all directions. Most of the particles are either the nuclei
What Are Cosmic Rays?
of atoms or electrons. Of the nuclei, most are single protons - the
nuclei of hydrogen atoms - but a few are much heavier, ranging up to the
nuclei of lead atoms. Cosmic ray particles travel at nearly the speed
of light, which means they have very high energy. Some of them, in fact,
are the most energetic of any particles ever observed in nature. The
highest-energy cosmic rays have a hundred million times more energy than
the particles produced in the world's most powerful particle
accelerator.
Where Do Cosmic Rays Come From?
Lower-energy
cosmic ray particles that strike the earth come from within our own
Milky Way Galaxy. They may originate, directly or indirectly, from the
supernova
explosions that mark the deaths of many stars. These explosions throw
out fast-moving magnetic fields which reflect charged particles. Cosmic
ray nuclei gain energy when they collide with such a moving reflector.
At a magnetic shock, where the magnetic field slows abruptly, particles
can become trapped between two reflectors. Like a ping-pong ball caught
between two converging paddles, the nuclei make many reflections, and
the energy gained in each reflection grows as their energy increases.
This "magnetic shock acceleration" model was first proposed by the great
physicist Enrico Fermi as an explanation for the acceleration of most
cosmic rays. The process has been observed in magnetic shocks in the
solar wind that flows out from our sun, producing cosmic rays of modest
energy. The stronger moving magnetic fields produced in supernova
explosions could provide the energy for most other cosmic rays.
Even these shocks are not strong enough, however, to accelerate the highest-energy cosmic rays. While no one knows their source, there are compelling reasons to believe that they must originate outside our Milky Way galaxy - but where?
Where Do They Get Their Energy?
Wherever
they come from, the highest-energy particles hold secrets to the origin
of their enormous energies, many millions of times greater than any
earthbound particle accelerator can create. Fermi's acceleration
mechanism provides an explanation for cosmic ray energies perhaps as
high as 1015 eV. Acceleration mechanisms for cosmic rays of higher energies are not understood.
Observational evidence supports the view that cosmic rays with energies up to about 3 x 1018 eV originate within our galaxy. Above this energy, most cosmic rays may be coming from outside the Milky Way. The highest-energy cosmic rays are not deflected much by the weak magnetic fields in our Galaxy, yet they do not arrive preferentially from the disk of the Milky Way or the side of the sky toward the center of the Galaxy. This strongly suggests an extragalactic origin. Although we have not confirmed any source in the cosmos that can produce such energies, several hypotheses have been proposed. These include radio galaxy hot spots and active galactic nuclei (AGN) jets.
Cosmological Questions
Because the highest-energy cosmic rays are deflected very little by the magnetic fields in our galaxy - and even less by the much weaker fields in intergalactic space - we ought to be able to look back in the direction of the cosmic rays to find their origin. So far, however, none of the cosmic ray events with energies above 1020 eV point back to a possible source in the cosmos! Where have they come from? The mystery deepens when we realize that, unless the source is fairly close to our Milky Way Galaxy (within 100 million light years or so), collisions with the low-energy microwaves that pervade the universe would reduce cosmic ray energies to levels below 1020 eV before they ever reached Earth. The sources must be relatively nearby, but the arrival directions do not point to any known astrophysical powerhouses.
Cosmologists, who study the structure and dynamics of the universe, offer another possible explanation for the mysterious source of the highest-energy cosmic rays. Cosmologists postulate a universe filled with relics left over from the Big Bang
- hypothetical objects, called topological defects, with names like
"cosmic strings," "domain walls," and "monopoles." Although these
strange objects figure prominently in theories of the evolution of the
universe, we have no experimental evidence to show that they really
exist. However, if they did exist, and if they sometimes collapsed,
their collapse could produce enough energy to create very high-energy
cosmic rays. If we could make the connection between high-energy cosmic
rays and the collapse of topological defects, it would provide
experimental evidence for these topological defects and a great step
forward in understanding the early universe.
To learn about the nature of high-energy cosmic rays, scientists measure their energy and their direction as they arrive from space. Cosmic rays of modest energy are measured directly by sending detectors to heights above most of the earth's atmosphere, using high-flying balloons and satellites. For high-energy cosmic rays, however, it is more efficient to exploit the atmosphere, measuring each cosmic ray indirectly by observing the shower of particles it produces in the air.
How Do We Learn About Cosmic Rays?
An air shower occurs when a fast-moving cosmic ray particle strikes an air molecule high in the atmosphere, creating a violent collision. Fragments fly out from this collision and collide with more air molecules, in a cascade that continues until the energy of the original particle is spread among millions of particles raining down upon the earth. By studying the air showers, scientists can measure the properties of the original cosmic ray particles.
[/caption]Cosmic Rays from Mysterious Source Bombarding Earth
by Nancy AtkinsonArticle Updated: 24 Dec , 2015
Scientists have discovered an unidentified source of high-energy cosmic rays bombarding Earth from space. They say it must be close to the solar system and it could be made of dark matter. “This is a big discovery,” says John Wefel of Louisiana State University and Principal Investigator for ATIC, Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter, a NASA funded balloon-borne instrument high over Antarctica. “It’s the first time we’ve seen a discrete source of accelerated cosmic rays standing out from the general galactic background.”
The new results show an unexpected surplus of cosmic ray electrons at very high energy — 300-800 billion electron volts — that must come from a previously unidentified source or from the annihilation of very exotic theoretical particles used to explain dark matter.
“This electron excess cannot be explained by the standard model of cosmic ray origin,” said Wefel. “There must be another source relatively near us that is producing these additional particles.”
According to the research, this source would need to be within about 3,000 light years of the sun. It could be an exotic object such as a pulsar, mini-quasar, supernova remnant or an intermediate mass black hole.
“Cosmic ray electrons lose energy during their journey through the galaxy,” said Jim Adams, ATIC research lead at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala. “These losses increase with the energy of the electrons. At the energies measured by our instrument, these energy losses suppress the flow of particles from distant sources, which helps nearby sources stand out.”
The scientists point out, however, that there are few such objects close to our solar system.
“These results may be the first indication of a very interesting object near our solar system waiting to be studied by other instruments,” Wefel said.
ATIC high-energy electron counts. Credit: J. Chang et al.
An alternative explanation is that the surplus of high energy electrons might result from the annihilation of very exotic particles put forward to explain dark matter. In recent decades, scientists have learned that the kind of material making up the universe around us only accounts for about five percent of its mass composition. Close to 70 percent of the universe is composed of dark energy (so called because its nature is unknown). The remaining 25 percent of the mass acts gravitationally just like regular matter, but does little else, so it is normally not visible. The nature of dark matter is not understood, but several theories that describe how gravity works at very small, quantum distances predict exotic particles that could be good dark matter candidates.
“The annihilation of these exotic particles with each other would produce normal particles such as electrons, positrons, protons and antiprotons that can be observed by scientists,” said Eun-Suk Seo, ATIC lead at the University of Maryland, College Park.
The 4,300-pound ATIC experiment is carried to an altitude of about 124,000 feet above Antarctica using a helium-filled balloon about as large as the interior of the New Orleans Superdome. The goal of the project is to study cosmic rays that otherwise would be absorbed into the atmosphere.
Researchers from ATIC published the results in the Nov. 20 issue of the journal Nature.
Sources: NASA, Science@NASA
To the best of my ability I write about my experience of the Universe Past, Present and Future
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