How does one become enlightened?

It is a conscious path. 

At first when one is young one feels sympathy for the suffering of others and one identifies with their suffering through one's own suffering. One begins to want to end their own suffering and to end the suffering of others.

This is the beginning of someone becoming enlightened right there.

And it progresses from there.

But, this is usually how enlightenment starts. So, one must have enough empathy for the suffering of others first usually to attain full enlightenment.

Gurus and Tibetan Lamas look for this empathy in potential students and watch for their wanting to end their own suffering and to end the suffering of others.

So, they look for the most exceptional people like this as a way to be more and more efficient in creating enlightened beings all over the planet to make the whole world better for everyone if possible.

By God's Grace