Encoding Data basically means you are using zeros and 1s to convert to text, numbers, images or sounds

 Encoding Data: Binary code is used to encode various types of data, including text, numbers, images, and instructions.  

end quote from Google AI:

So, basically Encoding data means you are converting zeros and ones into various computer languages and outputs. (However, I'm not sure I'm perfectly describing what is going on there but you are getting the general idea) (especially if you haven't studied all this to begin with like I did in college starting in 1966.

So, understanding computers (at least at this level) is a lot like learning Algebra. Especially because one of the first programming languages I learned was Fortran which reminded me a lot of studying Algebra in School.

Since I liked the way Algebra worked mechanistically and logically and since I tend to be a very logical and pragmatic person I liked studying Fortran and then COBOL (COBOL is a business computer language and Fortran is a more scientific language that can be used for many scientific calculations like rocket Trajectories into space and things like this.

Scientists still use Fortran by the way because it runs really fast and Cobol is also still used because it runs really fast too.

All the newer languages run a lot slower because they are built up on layers and layers of previous language designs. 

However, because computing power is so much faster it the newer languages running slower doesn't matter much unless you are doing heavy long calculations of some kind. Then a faster language might be helpful like Fortran or Cobol.