Anna Arutunyan, Special for USA TODAY
7:24 p.m. EDT October 27, 2016
MOSCOW
— A gigabyte of leaked emails this week to a top aide of Russian
President Vladimir Putin reveal direct political and financial ties with
pro-Russian separatists in eastern Ukraine.
Putin has
consistently denied any connection to the separatists, whether with
military or financial support. Fighting has raged in eastern Ukraine for
two years, since rebels in the Donetsk and Lugansk regions proclaimed
their independence from Ukraine and sought to join Russia. More
than 9,600 people have been killed.
A Ukrainian group calling
itself CyberHunta hacked into the account of an assistant to
presidential aide Vladislav Surkov and uploaded more than 2,000 emails
this week. Surkov, although under sanctions for his role in the
separatist conflict, traveled this month to Berlin alongside Putin for a
summit on Ukraine.
The hacked emails include a
June 2014 list of casualties from the separatist Donetsk People’s
Republic (DNR) in eastern Ukraine, sent by then-chairman, Denis
Pushilin. Another email from Pushilin that same month listed expenses to
set up DNR’s Ministry of Information.
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry
Peskov dismissed the emails as fake in comments to Russian news
agencies, saying that Surkov does not use email. But Ukraine’s National
Security Service said Wednesday that the emails were real.
The
leaks followed reports from U.S. intelligence agencies that Russia was
responsible for a series of hacks on American officials. Some analysts
suggested the Surkov leaks could be a retaliation.
Vice President Biden told NBC’s Meet the Press this month that the United States would be “sending a message” that Putin would recognize.
“He’ll
know it,” Biden said. “And it will be at the time of our choosing. And
under the circumstances that have the greatest impact.” U.S.
intelligence officials told NBC News of plans for unprecedented cyber
covert action against Russia.
“Although we are a long way from
having any evidence of this — if we ever will — I cannot help but wonder
if this is the kind of response that U.S. policymakers have been
hinting at, following the various hacks blamed on Russia, either working
through Ukrainians or simply handed to them,” said Mark Galeotti,
senior researcher at the Institute of International Relations in Prague.
“This
kind of a leak is enough to warn the Russians than the USA has certain
capabilities and is willing to use them," he said. "Welcome to the world
of proxy cyberwars.”
The separatist conflict broke out in Ukraine
in spring 2014, after Russia annexed Ukraine’s breakaway Crimea. This
came after months of protests that had brought down the government of
Putin-ally Viktor Yanukovich and replaced him with a more pro-Western
government headed by Ukraine President Petro Poroshenko.
The
leaked correspondence includes a PDF with a list of vetted candidates
for leadership of the Donetsk republic, sent in May 2014 by an employee
of a company owned by Russian oligarch Konstantin Malofeyev, who
allegedly financed pro-Russian separatists.
Pushilin was suggested
for parliamentary speaker, and Igor Strelkov, the military commander of
the rebel forces, was recommended for defense minister.
Although
there was no other evidence of interaction between Putin aide Surkov and
Malofeyev’s employee, three days later — when the DNR government was
announced — both Pushilin and Strelkov landed the posts suggested in the
email.
Surkov served as deputy chief of staff and then first
deputy from 1999 to 2011 and was widely responsible for Kremlin ideology
during that stint. Since 2013, he has been an aide to Putin,
responsible for ties with Ukraine as well as two republics that broke
away from former Soviet Georgia in 2008.
The hackers also posted
screenshots of a document from another account linked to Surkov, a
seven-page plan to “destabilize the socio-political situation in
Ukraine.” Unlike the other emails, which experts say are unlikely to be
fake given the amount of detail they contain, the authenticity of this
document has come under question.
Aric Toler, an analyst from the
Atlantic Council’s Digital Forensic Research Lab, said he was able to
authenticate the bulk of the emails. “They didn’t get to Surkov
directly,” he said of the hackers. “They got into the inbox handled by
his assistants.”
Toler, however, had doubts about the authenticity
of the destabilization report, which CyberHunta said came from a
personal account of Surkov.
“I’ve seen no evidence that it's
real,” Toler said in a message to USA TODAY. “It could be — the hackers
have promised to release more emails later on — but this document (if it
is real) was sent after the end of the inbox that has been leaked.”
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