begin quotes from Google AI:
Pyroclastic flows are intensely hot, fast-moving currents of gas and debris that travel along the ground
.
While they contain gases, the term "pyroclastic" primarily refers to
the solid components. These flows are generally localized hazards and
don't typically travel around the world. However, volcanoes can indeed release gases and fine ash into the atmosphere that can travel globally.
Important volcanic emissions that travel globally:
- Volcanic Ash: Tiny, jagged particles of rock and glass erupted into the air, according to the USGS (.gov). Fine ash particles can be carried by winds for vast distances, even circling the Earth. While larger ash falls quickly, the smallest particles can linger in the stratosphere for months, affecting sunlight and cooling the planet.
- Sulfur Dioxide (SO2): This gas is released during eruptions and can convert to sulfuric acid aerosols in the stratosphere. These aerosols reflect incoming solar radiation, leading to global cooling that can last for months or even years.
- Other Gases: Volcanoes also release greenhouse gases like water vapor and carbon dioxide (CO2). However, compared to human emissions, the amount of CO2 released by volcanic eruptions is relatively small and generally doesn't cause significant long-term climate warming.
In summary:
While
the term "pyroclastic gases" isn't commonly used to describe globally
dispersed volcanic emissions, the gases and fine ash released by
volcanoes can travel worldwide. These emissions can affect the
atmosphere and climate in various ways, particularly the dispersal of
volcanic ash and sulfur dioxide. Icelandic volcanic eruptions, like the
2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption, have demonstrated the potential for
significant ash dispersal across large distances, disrupting air travel
and having broader impacts.
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A pyroclastic flow is a fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter (collectively known as tephra) that flows along the ground away from a volcano at ...
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