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when were Christian protestants forced to leave Switzerland
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It
is a common misconception that all Protestants were expelled from
Switzerland. Instead, the Swiss Confederation became a key destination
for Protestant refugees fleeing persecution from other European
countries, primarily from the 16th to the 18th centuries
. However, some native Swiss Christian Protestants were forced into exile at different times, most notably the Anabaptists.
The Anabaptist expulsions
The
Radical Reformation gave rise to the Anabaptists in Zurich in 1525, but
their movement was quickly repressed by both the Catholic and
mainstream Reformed (Calvinist) authorities. Unlike the mainstream
reformers, Anabaptists believed in adult baptism and the separation of
church and state. Because they refused to serve in the military or swear
oaths of allegiance, they were deemed a security risk and heretics.
- : Anabaptists were persecuted in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. In 1614, Hans Landis was the last Anabaptist to be executed in Zurich, but persecution continued for many years.Zurich
- : Anabaptist followers were systematically persecuted from the 16th to the 18th centuries. In 1671, Swiss authorities even deported around 700 Anabaptists to the Palatinate in Germany. Many of these Anabaptists eventually emigrated to North America.Bern
- : In 1555, a group of about 100 Protestants were expelled from the town of Locarno by the Catholic cantons that controlled the area. Many of them settled in Zurich and contributed to the city's textile industry.Locarno
Switzerland as a Protestant safe haven
Despite
the persecution of radical groups like the Anabaptists, Switzerland's
Protestant cantons, such as Zurich, Bern, and Geneva, generally served
as a refuge for Protestants fleeing persecution elsewhere in Europe.
- Huguenots: Beginning in the 16th century, waves of French Huguenots sought asylum in Switzerland, especially after the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre in 1572 and the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. Approximately 140,000 Huguenots came to Switzerland during this period, with tens of thousands settling permanently.
- Marian Exiles: In the mid-1550s, many English Protestants fled to Swiss cities like Zurich and Geneva to escape persecution under the Catholic Queen Mary I.
- Waldensians: After 1686, Waldensians fleeing persecution in Piedmont also sought refuge in Switzerland.
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