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A grand solar minimum is an
extended period of decades or centuries with significantly reduced
solar activity, leading to a decrease in solar energy output and a
temporary, modest global cooling effect, such as a reduction of 0.3°C, which is small compared to human-caused global warming. The most famous historical example is the Maunder Minimum
(1645–1710), which coincided with a prolonged cold period in Europe,
while scientists have predicted the possibility of a modern grand solar
minimum between 2020 and 2053.
Characteristics of a Grand Solar Minimum
- Low Solar Activity:Characterized by a decrease in the number of sunspots and the strength of the solar magnetic field.
Impact on Climate:
While
not a permanent change, the reduced solar output can affect atmospheric
circulation patterns, leading to colder winters and altered
precipitation.
Examples and Predictions
Impact on Global Warming
- Minimal Impact:The cooling effect of a grand solar minimum is very small, typically no more than 0.3°C, and is insufficient to counteract human-induced global warming.
Temporary Mitigation:
Any
cooling experienced during a grand solar minimum would only be
temporary, lasting for a few decades until solar activity returns to
higher levels.
Dominance of Greenhouse Gases:
The warming caused by human activities is significantly stronger than the cooling effect of even a strong grand solar minimum.
Taylor & Francis Online: Peer-reviewed Journals
The total solar irradiance (TSI), or the amount of energy the Sun emits, decreases.
Temporary Cooling Effect:
A
grand solar minimum causes a minor, temporary drop in Earth's average
temperature, which is far less than the warming caused by human
greenhouse gas emissions.
Modern Grand Solar Minimum will lead to terrestrial cooling
Aug
4, 2020 — The most recent grand solar minimum occurred during Maunder
Minimum (1645–1710), which led to reduction of solar irradi...
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