What is A kaffiyeh (or keffiyeh)? I read that Javier Bardem wore one to the Oscars so I wondered what it was

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A kaffiyeh (or keffiyeh) is a traditional Middle Eastern headdress made of a square cloth, often cotton, worn to protect from sun, dust, and sand. While historically used by nomadic communities like the Bedouins and in parts of the Arab world for practical purposes, it has become a potent symbol of Palestinian identity, particularly the black-and-white version, and is worn to show solidarity with the Palestinian cause. Other variations exist, such as the red-and-white shemagh and the all-white ghutrah worn in the Gulf States.  

History and Function

Practical origins:
Kaffiyehs were worn by ancient civilizations and were a practical way to shield the head and neck from harsh desert conditions. 

Regional variations:

Different patterns and colors evolved in various regions. For example, the red-and-white shemagh is common among Bedouin communities, while the all-white ghutrah is seen in the Gulf States. 

Palestinian symbolism:

The black-and-white kaffiyeh became a political symbol during the 1936 Great Revolt in Palestine, worn to unify and confuse authorities, establishing it as a symbol of resistance and Palestinian identity. 

Meaning and Symbolism

Identity:
For many, the kaffiyeh serves as a visible representation of Palestinian identity. 

Resistance:

The garment symbolizes resistance and the struggle for freedom in the Palestinian cause and for others around the world. 

Solidarity:

It is also worn by people of all races and genders as a symbol of unity with Palestinians. 

How it's worn

Folded triangle:
The square cloth is typically folded into a triangle and secured on the head with a cord or «iqāl». 

Versatile styling:

It can be worn in various styles, around the head and neck or draped over the shoulders as a shawl. 

• KAFFIYEH Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster

  Aug 3, 2025 — noun. kaf·​fi·​yeh kə-ˈfē-ə variants or less commonly keffiyeh. : an Arab headdress consisting of a square of cloth fol...

  

  Merriam-Webster

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