The siege of Mosul: What's happening? Why is it significant?
updated 11:38 PM EDT, Wed June 11, 2014
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STORY HIGHLIGHTS
- As many as half a million civilians have been forced from their homes
- The advance is proving an object lesson of much that's wrong in Iraq
- The Islamic State in Iraq and Syria is so extreme that even al Qaeda has disavowed it
Extremist militants have
overrun the northern city of Mosul, the country's second-largest. As
many as half a million civilians have fled their homes to escape the
violence, and the brazen incursion has highlighted all the weaknesses of
the government's ability to maintain security.
Photos: Iraqi civilians flee Mosul
What's next for Iraq?
Iraqi city falls into extremists' hands
The effects of the Iraq insurgency
Here's how things got to this point.
So, what happened?
Monday night into
Tuesday, militants seized Mosul's airport, its TV stations and the
governor's office. They freed up to 1,000 prisoners.
Police and soldiers ran
from their posts rather than put up a fight, abandoning their weapons as
they went. The militants took their place in the city's boulevards and
buildings.
"There was no presence of
any government forces on the streets, the majority of their posts
destroyed and manned by (Islamist militants)," resident Firas al-Maslawi
told CNN.
Why is this significant?
Mosul is the nation's
second-largest city. What's happening here doesn't bode well for Prime
Minister Nuri al-Maliki's administration. It calls into question whether
he has a handle on the country.
The devastating militant
advance, which had been building for some time, is proving an object
lesson of much that is wrong in Iraq and the region -- growing sectarian
tensions at home and a festering civil war over the border in Syria.
It also shows that the
extremists are seeking to extend their influence and can strike swiftly
and effectively against Iraq's American-trained security forces.
Who are the militants?
They're part of the
Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, or ISIS, an al Qaeda splinter group.
Here's how extreme the militant group is: Even al Qaeda has disowned it.
The Mosul siege has made ISIS the single most dangerous, destabilizing radical group in the region.
The group is also known
by some as the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant. Its members include
Europeans as well as Chechens, Turks and many fighters from other Arab
countries, some attracted by the conflict in Syria.
Militants seize Iraqi city of Mosul
What do they want?
They want to establish an Islamic caliphate, or state, stretching across the region.
ISIS has begun imposing
Sharia law in Syrian towns it controls, like Raqqa, forcing women to
wear the full veil, or niqab, in public and banning music.
Have they made such incursions before?
Yes. In past months,
they've wrested control of Iraqi cities like Falluja and parts of Ramadi
from authorities, just as they've done with Syrian towns over the
border.
Militants believed to be
from ISIS have also taken control of two villages in Iraq's Kirkuk
province and seized parts of the oil town of Baiji in Salaheddin
province, authorities said.
Have they been able to keep their control?
Not really. Despite the
territorial advances it has made in Sunni-dominated Anbar and Nineveh
provinces, ISIS still has "significant weaknesses," a U.S.
counterterrorism official says.
"It has shown little
ability to govern effectively, is generally unpopular, and has no sway
outside the Sunni community in either Iraq or Syria."
How is all this tied to Syria?
ISIS grew out of al
Qaeda in Iraq. In the west of Iraq, its militants were responsible for
killing and maiming many U.S. troops. In 2006, their commander -- the
bloodthirsty Abu Musab al-Zarqawi -- was killed in a U.S. strike.
In the years afterward, with American help, Iraqi tribal militias put the al Qaeda upstart on the defensive.
But when U.S. troops
left, the extremist militants found new leadership, went to Syria, grew
stronger and returned to Iraq, making military gains often off the backs
of the foreign fighters drawn to Syria's conflict.
Now the group has footholds in both countries and is blamed for destabilizing both.
In Syria, where its
forces have clashed with other Islamist groups, observers say the
internecine fighting has played into the hands of Bashar al-Assad's
regime by distracting rival factions from their campaign against the
Syrian military.
What's the situation in Mosul right now?
More than 500,000
civilians have fled since the fighting started over the weekend,
according to the International Organization for Migration.
The northern city's four
main hospitals are inaccessible because of fighting, and some mosques
have been converted to clinics, the IOM said.
There's a lack of
drinking water in the western part of the city since the main water
station for the area has been destroyed by bombing. Food is running low
and few areas are receiving electricity, while fuel for generators is
also running out.
What does this mean for Iraq?
While Iraq is plagued by
multiple daily car bombings and suicide attacks, the sheer scale of the
attack on Mosul -- and the brewing humanitarian crisis tied to it --
bodes ill for the country's stability.
According to the United
Nations, last year was Iraq's most violent in five years, with more than
8,800 people killed, most of them civilians.
Already this year,
almost half a million people have been displaced from their homes in
central Anbar province by fighting between the same extremist group and
government forces.
One major reason Mosul made headlines is how swiftly the city, to all intents and purposes, fell.
What does this mean for the United States and the West?
The last U.S. military forces left Iraq at the end of 2011, after nearly nine years of deadly and divisive war in the country.
Talks that might have
allowed a continued major military presence broke down amid disputes
about whether U.S. troops would be immune to prosecution by Iraqi
authorities.
Iraq's security forces,
trained by the United States at a cost of billions of dollars, have
proved unable to dislodge the militants from strongholds in Anbar
province and have now been routed in Mosul.
The result seems likely to be continued or growing instability in Iraq and the wider region.
This, at a time when the global economy is recovering, could have an unwelcome impact on oil markets.
There's also concern
that foreign fighters with ISIS may go back to their native countries,
in Europe and elsewhere, and carry out terror attacks there. That worry
was heightened last month by the shooting deaths of four people at a
Jewish Museum in Belgium; the suspect, according to French officials,
recently spent a year in Syria and is a radicalized Islamist.
end quote from:
http://www.cnn.com/2014/06/11/world/meast/iraq-mosul-explainer/index.html
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