in what order did the 4 sects of tibetan buddhism arise in order

Begin quote from AI and internet: 

The four main sects of Tibetan Buddhism arose in the following order: Nyingma, Kagyu, Sakya, and Gelug

. 

1. Nyingma (8th Century)

• Meaning: The name "Nyingma" translates to "the ancient ones," and the sect is often called the Red Hat sect.
• Origin: It is the oldest of the four major traditions, with roots extending back to the first dissemination of Buddhism in Tibet during the Imperial Period. The Nyingma tradition traces its origins to the 8th century, when the Indian master Padmasambhava, also known as Guru Rinpoche, helped establish the first monastery in Tibet at Samye.
• Practice: Nyingma teachings emphasize the doctrine of Dzogchen, or "Great Perfection," which focuses on discovering the inherent, pure awareness of the mind. 

• 
  

2. Kagyu (Early 11th Century)

• Meaning: "Kagyu" means "oral lineage" or "whispered transmission," referring to the emphasis on esoteric teachings passed directly from master to disciple. This sect is also called the White Hat sect.
• Origin: The Kagyu lineage begins in Tibet with the translator Marpa Lotsawa (1012–1097), who brought teachings from India. The school was later formalized by Marpa's student Milarepa and his student Gampopa, a Kadampa monk who merged the lineage with the Kadam tradition.
• Practice: A central practice of the Kagyu school is Mahamudra, or the "Great Seal," which emphasizes intensive meditation and the direct realization of reality. 

• 
  

3. Sakya (1073)

• Meaning: The name "Sakya" means "pale earth" or "grey earth," referring to the landscape where its first monastery was founded. Because its monasteries often have walls painted with red, white, and black stripes, it is also known as the Colorful Sect.
• Origin: The Sakya school was founded in 1073 by Khön Könchok Gyalpo. Its teachings developed during the second period of Buddhist translation into Tibetan in the late 11th century.
• Practice: The core teaching of the Sakya tradition is the "Path with its Result" (Lamdre), a comprehensive system of tantric practice based primarily on the Hevajra tantra. 

• 
  

4. Gelug (1409)

• Meaning: "Gelug" translates to "virtuous tradition". This sect is often called the Yellow Hat sect because its monks wear yellow hats. It is also known as the New Kadam, viewing itself as a continuation of the earlier Kadam school.
• Origin: The Gelug school was founded by the reformer Je Tsongkhapa (1357–1419). In 1409, Tsongkhapa founded the Ganden monastery, which marks the formal establishment of the sect.
• Practice: The Gelug tradition emphasizes rigorous monastic education, strict monastic discipline, and the systematic study of Buddhist texts, including the Lamrim (Stages of the Path). The Dalai Lamas and Panchen Lamas are among its most prominent figures.