These results suggest that the genetic change responsible for the O blood group in humans predates the human and Neandertal divergence. A potential selective event associated with the emergence of the O allele may have therefore occurred after humans separated from their common ancestor with chimpanzees and before the human-Neandertal population divergence.
end partial quote from:
https://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2148-8-342
So, it is likely that humans and Neanderthals had the O blood type before they diverged into two separate groups. I have read elsewhere that Neanderthals mostly went extinct because they interbred with modern day humans. Europeans therefore might have a 1% to 6% Neanderthal blood in their genetics. This also causes an increased immune system to all problems they might encounter and helps keep modern day humans stay alive through various things they are exposed to along the way.
It is also likely that modern day humans because they started farming and creating cities that any battles between Neanderthals and Modern Day humans were short lived. So, Neanderthals likely died out from interbreeding and warfare with modern day humans. This is why modern day Europeans have a 1% to 6% blood genetics of Neanderthals still.
Because cities tend to breed more people than country life if there were conflicts there would be many more modern day humans to fight than Neanderthals who were more country and tribal in their behavior.
The capacity to speak and communicate in many different languages and cultures gave modern day humans a distinct advantage over the more primitive but physically hardy and stronger Neanderthals.
So, basically modern day humans outbred and likely outwitted the Neanderthals which is why they simply became over time modern day humans (the ones that survived all this).
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