George III was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1760 to 1820. He was the longest-reigning British monarch, with 15 children. His reign included the American War of Independence.
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Porphyria
- In the 1960s, psychiatrists Ida Macalpine and Richard Hunter proposed that George III had porphyria, a metabolic disorder.
Arsenic poisoning
- A hair analysis of George III found high levels of arsenic, which can cause poor mental health and neurological problems.
- Arsenic was a common medicine at the time, and he might have been prescribed it for his attacks.
Bipolar disorder
- Some historians have proposed that George III had bipolar disorder.
Other possible causes
- Other possible causes include hypomania, which is a type of mania that's often part of bipolar disorder.
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Historic Royal Palaces
The Lancet
The first indication that something was wrong with King George III came in the spring of 1765. The twenty-seven-year-old
monarch had been on the throne for just five years when he came down
with a fever, a racking cough, sudden weight loss and insomnia.
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George III was born on 4 June 1738 in London, the eldest son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha.
Jan 29, 2025 — George III,
the controversial British monarch known for his long reign and
struggles with mental illness, played a pivotal role in shaping ...
