The logic and Reason that brought about all the sciences (at least in western civilization) began with Socrates, Plato and Aristotle

 When you think about the foundations of modern day science you think also about Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Then you have the mathematician Pythagorus that you see depicted in the latest Indiana Jones movie which also sprang from the way of thinking started by Socrates (even though Socrates never wrote anything down at all and likely is remembered only because of what Plato and Aristotle wrote about him?

Though Each civilization on earth has it's own phlosophers and scientists European Civilization's scientific thought began from Socrates, Plato and Aristotle and people like Pythagorus.