Electromagnetic field levels
Prius cutaway model showing forward engine connected to rear high voltage battery
The Prius uses electric motors in the hybrid propulsion systems,
powered by a high voltage battery in the rear of the car. There has been
some public concern over whether the levels of
electromagnetic field
exposure within the cabin are higher than comparable cars, and what
health effects those fields may present, popularized by a 2008
The New York Times article.
[166] However, Toyota
[166] and several independent studies
[167][168]
have indicated that aside from a brief spike when accelerating, the
electromagnetic fields within the Prius are no different from those of a
conventional car and do not exceed the
ICNIRP[169] exposure guidelines.
A 2013 study by the
Mayo Clinic found that patients with implanted cardiac devices such as
pacemakers and
defibrillators can safely drive or ride in hybrids or
plug-in electric cars without risk of
electromagnetic interference
(EMI). The research was conducted using implantable devices from the
three major manufacturers and a 2012 Toyota Prius hybrid. The study used
30 participants with implanted devices, and measured electric and
magnetic fields in six positions inside and outside the Prius, and each
position was evaluated at different speeds.
[170]
Quietness
The
Wall Street Journal
reported in February 2007 on concerns that quiet cars like the Prius
may pose a safety risk to those who rely on engine noise to sense the
presence or location of moving vehicles.
[171] Blind pedestrians are a primary concern, and the
National Federation of the Blind advocates audio emitters on hybrid vehicles,
[172]
but it has been argued that increased risks may also affect sighted
pedestrians or bicyclists who are accustomed to aural cues from
vehicles. However, silent vehicles are already relatively common, and
there is also a lack of aural cues from vehicles that have a
conventional internal combustion engine where engine noise has been
reduced by noise-absorbing materials in the engine bay and
noise-canceling muffler systems. In July 2007, a spokesman for Toyota
said the company is aware of the issue and is studying options.
[173]
In 2010, Toyota released a device for the third-generation Prius meant to alert pedestrians of its proximity.
[174] Japan issued guidelines for such warning devices in January 2010 and the U.S. approved legislation on December 2010.
[175][176] Models equipped with
automatically activated systems include all 2012 and later
model year Prius family vehicles that have been introduced in the United States, including the
standard Prius, the
Prius v, the
Prius c and the
Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid.
[74][177] The warning sound is activated when the car is traveling at less than 15 mph (24 km/h) and cannot be manually turned off.
[178]
Marketing and culture
CO2 advertising
In the UK, the
Advertising Standards Authority,
an independent body charged with policing the rules of the advertising
industry, ruled that a television advert for the Toyota Prius should not
be broadcast again in the same form, having breached rules concerning
misleading advertising. The advertisement stated that the Prius "emits
up to one tonne less CO
2 per year", while on-screen text included "1 tonne of CO
2
less than an equivalent family vehicle with a diesel engine. Average
calculated on 20,000 km a year." Points of contention were the vehicles
chosen for comparison, whether "'up to' one tonne less" adequately
communicated that reductions could be lower, and whether the distance
used was appropriate: 20,000 km per year is around a U.S. car's average
annual driving distance, while a UK car's is 13,440 km.
[179]
Political symbolism
The large number of Prius-owning progressive celebrities in 2002 prompted the
Washington Post to dub hybrids "Hollywood's latest politically correct status symbol".
[180]
Conservatives called "Prius Patriots" also drive the cars because they
want to contribute to reduce U.S. dependence on foreign oil.
[181] A 2007
San Francisco Chronicle article said "Prius Progressives" were becoming an archetype, with American conservative commentator
Rush Limbaugh opining that "these liberals think they're ahead of the game on these things, and they're just suckers".
[182]
In July 2007
The New York Times
published an article using data from CNW Marketing Research finding
that 57% of Prius buyers said their main reason for buying was that "it
makes a statement about me", while just 37% cited fuel economy as a
prime motivator.
[183] Shortly afterwards
Washington Post columnist
Robert Samuelson
coined the term "Prius politics" to describe a situation where the
driver's desire to "show off" is a stronger motivator than the desire to
curb
greenhouse gas emissions.
[184] Some conservatives promote use of the Toyota Prius and other hybrid cars. For example, Jim Road from
What Would Jesus Drive? encouraged people to drive hybrid cars because of the damage that large SUVs and faster cars can do to others.
[185]
Former
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) chief
R. James Woolsey, Jr.
drives a Prius because of its low fuel consumption. Woolsey noted the
volatility of the Middle East, coupled with anti-U.S. sentiment in much
of the region. Noting that the high percentage of oil drilled in the
Middle East gives vast profits to Middle Eastern regimes, Woolsey
believes that it is a patriotic obligation to drive more efficient
vehicles. In a
Motor Trend magazine article, Woolsey stated that those oil profits find their way to terrorist groups like
al-Qaeda,
meaning that Americans who buy inefficient vehicles would, in effect,
be indirectly funding terrorism. "We're paying for both sides in this
war, and that's not a good long-term strategy", said Woolsey. "I have a
bumper sticker on the back of my Prius that reads, 'Bin Laden hates this
car.'"
[186]
DARPA driverless edition
A
driverless version of the Prius was one of six cars to finish the 2007
DARPA Urban Challenge.
[187]
Other media
Brian Griffin, the
anthropomorphic dog from the animated sitcom,
Family Guy, drives a silver second generation Prius.
[188]
The Karin Dilettante, a drivable vehicle appearing in the 2008 video game
Grand Theft Auto IV, and its successor, the 2013 video game
Grand Theft Auto V, is based on the second generation Prius.
[citation needed]
Motorsports
A racing version of the car took class
pole position[189] and finished sixth at the
2012 Fuji GT 500km.
[190]
Government and corporate incentives
There have been a number of governments with incentives intended to
encourage hybrid car sales. In some countries, including the U.S. and
Canada, some rebate incentives have been exhausted, while other
countries such as the United Kingdom, Sweden, Belgium, and the
Netherlands have various or alternative incentives to purchasing a
hybrid vehicle.
Several U.S. companies offer employees incentives.
Bank of America will reimburse
US$3,000 on the purchase of new hybrid vehicles to full- and part-time associates working more than 20 hours per week.
[191] Google,
[192] software company
Hyperion Solutions,
[193] and organic food and drink producer
Clif Bar & Co[191][broken footnote] offer employees a
US$5,000
credit toward their purchase of certain hybrid vehicles including the
Prius. Integrated Archive Systems, a Palo Alto IT company, offers a
US$10,000 subsidy toward the purchase of hybrid vehicles to full-time employees employed more than one year.
[191][broken footnote]
Travelers Companies, a large insurance company, offers hybrid owners a 10% discount on auto insurance in most U.S. states.
[194] The
Farmers Insurance Group offers a similar discount of up to 10% in most U.S. states.
[191][broken footnote]
See also
References
"2008 Toyota Prius" (Press release). Hybridcar.com. 2007-10-21. Retrieved 2011-11-30.
External links
Toyota Motor Corporation (2012-05-22). "Worldwide sales of Toyota Motor hybrids top 4M units; Prius family accounts for almost 72%". Green Car Congress. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
Toyota Press Room (2013-04-17). "Toyota cumulative global hybrid sales pass 5M, nearly 2M in US". Green Car Congress. Retrieved 2013-04-17.
"Worldwide Prius Cumulative Sales Top 2M Mark; Toyota Reportedly Plans Two New Prius Variants for the US By End of 2012". Green Car Congress. 2010-10-07. Retrieved 2010-10-07.
"Toyota tops 2 million hybrid sales worldwide" (Press release). AutobloGreen. 2009-09-04. Retrieved 2009-10-24.
Toyota Europe News (2013-07-03). "Worldwide Prius sales top 3-million mark; Prius family sales at 3.4 million". Green Car Congress. Retrieved 2013-07-03.
"Toyota sells One-Millionth Prius in the US". Green Car Congress. 2011-04-06. Retrieved 2011-04-07.
"Toyota Prius' cumulative domestic sales top 1 million". Mainichi Daily News. 2011-09-13. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
"Toyota Is Global Hybrid Leader With Sales Of 7 Million" (Press release). Torrance, California: PR Newswire. 2014-10-13. Retrieved 2014-10-25.
Sales of the Prius family (all figures in thousands) as of September
2014 consist of: 3,360.4 Prius liftbacks, 853.8 Prius c/Aqua, 498.0
Prius v/α/+ and 65.3 Prius PHVs.
新車乗用車販売台数月別ランキング [New passenger car sales monthly ranking] (in Japanese). Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association. Retrieved 2014-05-04. Select the desired year in the display button.
新車乗用車販売台数ランキング [New passenger car sales ranking] (in Japanese). Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association. Retrieved 2013-09-07.Select
Year 2013 and see total sales from January to August. Toyota is
reporting in Japan sales of the regular Prius and Prius α together.
Jeff Cobb (2013-01-08). "December 2012 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. Retrieved 2013-04-14. See the section: December 2012 Hybrid Car Sales Numbers.
Jeff Cobb (2013-08-05). "August 2013 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. Retrieved 2013-08-05. See the section: U.S. Hybrid sales for August 2013: A total of 29,850 units had been sold between January and August 2013.
Toyota (2009-01-12). "Toyota Reveals All-New Prius". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2015-01-02.
"Toyota Prius Family". Toyota Motor Corporation. Retrieved 5 February 2011.
Prius Goes Plural - When One Becomes More on YouTube
Woodyard, Chris (3 February 2011). "James Lipton interviews octopus about Toyota Prius". USA Today. Retrieved 5 February 2011.
Woodyard, Chris (2011-02-20). "Voters decide Toyota Prii is now official plural for Prius". USA Today. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
Vieira da Rosa, Aldo. Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Processes. Academic Press, 2012. p.431.
Eric Loveday (2011-09-16). "Toyota revises 2012 Prius with minor tweaks inside and out". AutoblogGreen. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
"Toyota Introduces 2012 Prius Plug-in Hybrid" (Press release). Toyota. 2011-09-16. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
"Toyota Prius Chronological History". Retrieved 2009-11-06.
Taylor, A., Birth of the Prius, Fortune, February 24, 2006. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
Emily Thornton (1997-12-15). "Japan's hybrid cars". Business Week. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
Prius Model History, Clean Green Car Company. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
"The complete history of the Toyota Prius in 89 words". Toyota GB Blog. Toyota GB. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
"Takaoka Plant". Toyota Motor Corporation. 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
"Motomachi Plant". Toyota Motor Corporation. 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
2001 Toyota Prius Lineup, Internet Autoguide. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
Russ, C., Toyota Pruis (2001), The Auto Channel. Retrieved 2010-03-09.
2001 Toyota Prius Repair Manual, Volume 2, Pub. No. RM778U2
Andrew Pollack (2000-11-19). "Behind the Wheel:Toyota Prius-It's Easier to Be Green". New York Times. Retrieved 2011-11-30.
EPA Green Vehicle Guide.
Tsukada, M., Aichi's Artisanship in the Auto Industry, Aichi Voice (Cutting Edge).
More Toyota Priuses Coming to Australia, Australian Car Advice, March 1, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
"Toyota Passenger Car Chronology". Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. 17 September 2010. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
Motor Trend 2004 Car of the Year Winner: Toyota Prius, Motor Trend. Retrieved 2007-12-21.
"Motor Trend 2004 Car of the Year Winner: Toyota Prius". MotorTrend Magazine. Source Interlink Media. Retrieved 2008-05-30.
"Innovators: Shigeyuki Hori". Time. 2004-08-03. Retrieved 2010-01-10.
"Tsutsumi Plant". Toyota Motor Corporation. 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
"Affiliates (Toyota wholly-owned subsidiaries)-Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd.". Toyota Motor Corporation. 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
Bowden, R. (2004), 2004 Toyota Prius, About. Retrieved 2007-12-21.
Test Drive Notes: 2004 Toyota Prius, Car Talk. Retrieved 2007-12-21.
"Prius Battery Change is No Big Deal". Toyota. 2008-12-29. Retrieved 2012-08-27.
"Prius 2011 Warranty & Maintenance Guide" (PDF). Toyota. Retrieved 2011-03-04.
"Toyota Prius Warranty and Coverage". Toyota. Retrieved 2011-03-04.
Motor Trend 2004 Car of the Year Winner: Toyota Prius, Motor Trend. Retrieved 2007-12-21.
"Toyota Delays Production of Third Generation Prius in China". ChinaAutoWeb.com.
Ian Rowley (2007-11-05). "Prius sales yet to catch fire in China". BusinessWeek Eye on Asia blog. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
"In China, Toyota cuts price of Prius by 8% due to slowing sales". AutoblogGreen. 2008-03-07. Retrieved 2010-04-28.
"Euro NCAP results for Toyota Prius". euroncap.com. 2004.
"2004 Toyota Prius 4-DR".
"IIHS-HLDI: Toyota Prius 2007–09 models". Iihs.org. 2008-09-25. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
"IIHS-HLDI: Toyota Prius 2004–06 models". Iihs.org. 2006-10-06. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
"Japanese Production Sites" (Press release). Japan: Toyota. 2015-03-06. Archived from the original on 2015-03-18.
Tadeo, Patrick Everett (2013-03-29). "Do the Thais Know Something That We Don't?". Top Gear Philippines. Retrieved 2013-06-03.
Anonymous says:. "2010 Toyota Prius Revealed – Specs, Images, and more". Automoblog.net. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
Yuri Kageyama, Associated Press (2009-05-18). "Toyota rolls out new Prius amid hybrid price war". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2009-05-21.[dead link]
Hans Greimel (2010-02-23). "Toyota Prius slashes price to match Honda Insight". AutoWeek. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
Kiyori Ueno and Tetsuya Komatsu (2010-01-08). "Toyota Prius Leaps to No. 1 in Japan on Incentives". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2010-03-07.
"Sweating the Body Details". Vehicle Electrification. SAE International. 2010-11-01. p. 39. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
Don Sherman (2014-06-01). "Drag Queens: Aerodynamics Compared". Car & Driver, Hearst Communications, Inc. Retrieved 2014-07-02.
"All-New Third Generation Toyota Prius Raises the Bar for Hybrid Vehicles – Again" (Press release). USA: Toyota. 2009-03-02. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
"2008 Most and Least Fuel Efficient Vehicles (ranked by city mpg)". United States Environmental Protection Agency and United States Department of Energy. Retrieved 2007-12-25.
"Vehicle details for Prius T3 E-CVT". UK Government. Retrieved 2009-08-02.
"Official Toyota Specifications (Flash Site includes link to informative press release)". Toyota.com. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
Hybrid Superstar Shines Brighter
GoAutoMedia (2009-04-14). "Goauto.com.au". Goauto.com.au. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
"Toyota in 2 million recall fiasco". All Car Leasing. 2014-02-12. Retrieved 2014-02-14.
"Consumer Reports Names Toyota Prius Best New-Car Value for Second Year in A Row’". Consumer Reports. 2013-12-18. Retrieved 2014-12-04.
"Euro NCAP results for Toyota Prius" (PDF). euroncap.com. 2010.
"IIHS-HLDI: Toyota Prius 2010 Models". 2009-08-13. Retrieved 2010-01-24.
Antuan Goodwin (2011-09-22). "Prius' artificial engine noise demonstrated, explained". CNET Cartech. Retrieved 2011-09-25.
Antuan Goodwin (2011-09-22). "Prius' artificial engine noise demonstrated, explained". CNET Cartech. Retrieved 2011-09-25.
Sebastian Blanco (2011-09-14). "2012 Toyota Prius Plug-In Hybrid now offers 111 MPGe". AutoblogGreen. Retrieved 2011-09-16. See details in Toyota Press Release
"Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid Demo Program". Toyota. Retrieved 2010-04-09.
"TMC Introduces 'Prius Plug-in Hybrid' into Key Markets". Toyota News release. 2009-12-14. Retrieved 2010-04-09.
"Toyota to Start Trials of Plug-in Prius in China". Green Car Congress. 2010-04-25. Retrieved 2010-04-26.
Stephen Munday (2011-09-30). "Prius Plug-In Hybrid On Sale January in Japan – Charging Stations at 5,500 Dealerships and Car Rental Locations". Integrity Exports. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
John Voelcker (2012-04-03). "Plug-In Car Sales Soar In March, Led By Chevrolet Volt". Green Car Reports. Retrieved 2012-04-03.
Toyota Motor Europe (2012-07-13). "Solid 13% Q2 sales increase for Toyota and Lexus vehicles in Europe". Toyota Media Press Release. Retrieved 2012-08-07.
Huw Evans (2012-08-07). "Toyota Delivers First Fleet Customer Prius Plug-In". HybridCars.com. Retrieved 2012-08-07.
Siddharth Philip (2013-03-12). "GM’s Chevy Volt Outsold Nissan Leaf Last Year, BNEF Says". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 2013-03-30.
実績データ（ハイブリッド車グローバル販売） [Actual data (hybrid vehicles sold globally)] (Press release) (in Japanese). Japan: Toyota. 2014-10-14. Retrieved 2014-10-25. Table
shows Toyota and Lexus hybrid sales by model by year. The Prius PHV is
included in the total 7 million TMC sold worldwide sold through
September 2014.
Jeff Cobb (2014-10-24). "The World’s 10-Best Selling Plug-in Cars". HybridCars.com. Retrieved 2014-10-25.
Kim, Chang-Ran (2011-05-13). "UPDATE 1-Toyota gets 25,000 pre-sale orders for Prius Alpha in Japan". Reuters. Retrieved 2011-05-13.
"Toyota launches Prius α in Japan; forecasts delay in deliveries of the new model". Green Car Congress. 2011-05-13. Retrieved 2011-05-13.
Jim Motavalli (2011-03-10). "Toyota Downsizes Prius Wagon’s Seating Capacity for U.S.". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-03-15.
Jeff Cobb (2014-01-06). "December 2013 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. Retrieved 2014-05-03.
Jeff Cobb (2014-10-14). "September 2014 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. Retrieved 2014-10-03. See section: "September 2014 Hybrid Car Sales Numbers"
Anna Mukai and Yuki Hagiwara (2011-12-25). "Toyota Adds to Prius Lineup With Smallest Hybrid". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2011-12-28.
Donny Nordlicht (2012-03-12). "Make It Yours: 2012 Toyota Prius c Configurator Goes Live". Motor Trend. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
"New models and hybrids power Toyota Canada Inc.’s sales in March 2012" (Press release). Canada: Toyota. 2012-04-03. Retrieved 2012-05-01.
Mike Stevens (2012-03-27). "Toyota Prius C On Sale In Australia". The Motor Report. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
Alastair Sloane (2012-03-17). "Toyota on hybrid recruitment drive with baby Prius". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 2012-03-17.
Philippe Crowe (2012-06-25). "France-Sourced Toyota Yaris US-Bound in 2013". HybridCars.com. Retrieved 2012-07-31.
Laurent J. Masson (2012-01-16). "The Toyota Yaris hybrid, one for Europe". Motor Nature. Retrieved 2012-02-11.
新車乗用車販売台数ランキング [New passenger car sales ranking] (in Japanese). Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association. Retrieved 2013-03-30.See total sales from January to December. Toyota is reporting in Japan sales of the regular Prius and Prius α together.
"2012 (Full Year) Japan: Best-Selling Car Models". BestSellingCars.com. 2013-01-10. Retrieved 2013-03-30.
2月のボディタイプ別売れ筋モデルをチェック [Check the best selling models of different body types February 2012] (in Japanese). Car View. Retrieved 2013-03-30. When sales are broken down by model, the Aqua ranked second in January and first in February 2012.
"Japan Full Year 2012: Now with Top 375 All-models ranking!". Best Selling Cars Blog. 2013-02-13. Retrieved 2013-03-30.
KYODO (2014-01-09). "Nissan set to double Leaf sales: Ghosn". The Japan Times. Retrieved 2014-01-25.
Mat Gasnier (2013-01-12). "Japan Full Year 2012: All-new Toyota Aqua tickles Prius". Best Selling Cars Blog. Retrieved 2013-03-30.
Joann Muller (2013-08-29). "Toyota Unveils Plans For 15 New Or Improved Hybrids (It Already Has 23)". Forbes. Retrieved 2013-08-31.
Craig Trudell and Alan Ohnsman (2013-08-28). "Toyota Refines Battery Chemistry to Boost Next Prius Efficiency". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved 2013-08-31.
Mark Rechtin (2013-08-28). "Next Prius will cost less, get better fuel economy, Toyota engineer says". Automotive News. Retrieved 2013-08-31.
Toyota Press Release (2013-08-28). "Toyota
broadly outlines next-generation Prius; developing wireless inductive
charging for the plug-in model; bullish on hydrogen". Green Car Congress. Retrieved 2013-08-31.
"Worldwide Prius Sales Top 1 Million" (Press release). Toyota Motor Corporation. 2008-05-15. Retrieved 2010-03-22.
"Toyota Reports December And 2009 Sales". Toyota. Retrieved 2010-01-05.
"Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs): Trend of sales by HEV models from 1999–2010". Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Data Center (U.S. DoE). Retrieved 2011-03-05. Total
registered electric hybrids in the U.S. is 1,888,971 vehicles until
December 2010. (Click and open the Excel file for the detail by year for
each model) Sales 1999–2010
"Toyota Prius Sales in Europe Reach 200,000 Units". Green Car Congress. 2010-07-16. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
"Prius No. 1 in Japan sales as green interest grows". USA Today. Associated Press. 2010-01-08. Retrieved 2010-03-14.
"Toyota Prius dealers see demand rise and inventories fall" By Jerry Hirsch, Los Angeles Times 31 March 2011
Asahi Shimbun (2012-04-06). "Hybrids Now 16% of Market in Japan as Prius Wins Annual Sales Crown Again". Integrity Exports. Retrieved 2012-04-08.
Associated Press (2012-10-06). "Aqua Tops Prius as Best-Selling Car in Japan". Product Design and Development (PDDnet). Retrieved 2012-11-10.
Mat Gasnier (2012-11-06). "Japan October 2012: Toyota Aqua takes the lead, 86 up to #14". Best Selling Cars Blog. Retrieved 2012-11-10.
"2012 (Full Year) Japan: Best-Selling Car Models". BestSellingCars.com. 2013-01-10. Retrieved 2013-01-16.
2月のボディタイプ別売れ筋モデルをチェック [Check the best selling models of different body types February 2012] (in Japanese). Car View. Retrieved 2012-10-22. When sales are broken down by model, the Aqua ranked second in January and first in February 2012.
"Japan by version December 2012: Nissan Sylphy & Subaru BRZ up". Best Selling Cars Blog. 2013-09-29. Retrieved 2013-01-29.
Timothy Cain (October 2014). "Toyota Prius Sales Figures - Canada". Good Car Bad Car. Retrieved 2014-10-25.
"Liftback accounts for 63% of March Prius sales; Prius v and c account for about 17% each". Green Car Congress. 2012-04-08. Retrieved 2012-04-08.
"March 2012 Dashboard". HybridCars.com. 2012-04-08. Retrieved 2012-04-06.
Alan Ohnsman (2012-04-03). "Toyota Sets Prius Sales Record on Bigger Lineup, Gas Prices". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 2012-04-08.
Jerry Hirsch (2013-01-22). "Toyota Prius topples Honda Civic as bestselling car in California". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2013-01-22. The sales figure includes the Prius liftback, Prius v, Prius c and Prius PHV.
Bloomberg (2014-02-13). "Toyota Prius keeps Calif. sales crown; Tesla moves up". Automotive News. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
California New Car Dealers Association (CNCDA) (February 2014). "California Auto Outlook: Fourth Quarter 2013". CNCDA. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
John Voelcker (2013-01-03). "Plug-In Electric Car Sales Triple In 2012 As Buyers, Models Increase". Green Car Reports. Retrieved 2013-01-17.
Sebastian Blanco (2012-11-28). "Toyota's Jim Lentz looks into the future of wireless charging, CNG and more hydrogen". Autoblog Green. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
"2014 Toyota Prius Continues to Dominate the Hybrid Category" (Press release). USA: Toyota. 2013-10-16. Retrieved 2013-10-26.
"December 2011 Dashboard: Sales Still Climbing". HybridCARS.com. 2012-01-09. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
Jeff Cobb (2013-10-03). "September 2013 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. Retrieved 2013-10-26. See
the section: September 2013 Hybrid Car Sales Numbers: A total of
389,910 hybrid vehicles were sold in the U.S. between January and
September 2013.
"Japan March 2012: Toyota Prius, Aqua & Honda Fit all beat records". Best Selling Cars Blog. 2012-04-06. Retrieved 2012-04-08.
"Passenger car sales ranking" (in Japanese). Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association. Retrieved 2012-04-08.
Patrick Rall (2012-05-30). "Toyota Prius becomes 3rd bestselling nameplate in the world". Torque News. Retrieved 2012-08-05.
Hans Cheong (2012-05-30). "Corolla World’s Top Selling Nameplate, Focus World’s Best Selling Model". New Sunday Times. Retrieved 2012-08-05.
Toyota News Release (2012-10-09). "Toyota Motor Europe Posts 13% Sales Increase In Q3" (Press release). Europe: Toyota. Retrieved 2012-10-21.
"Toyota Specs". Toyota.com. Retrieved 2012-06-01.
"Our Point of View: Atkinson Meets Otto: Why the Prius is So Efficient" (Press release). USA: Toyota. 2008-09-08.
"Motor Trend 2004 Car of the Year Winner: Toyota Prius". Motortrend.com. Retrieved 2012-06-01.
Toyota. "Toyota Prius - Three drive modes". Toyota01. Retrieved 2014-11-23. EV Mode works under certain conditions at low speeds for up to a mile.
Nelson Ireson (2009-03-25). "First drive: 2010 Toyota Prius". Motor Authority. Retrieved 2014-11-23.
"Toyota Prius II Battery Pack". The Clean Green Car Company. Archived from the original on February 25, 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-30.
Steve Gorman (2009-08-31). "As hybrid cars gobble rare metals, shortage looms". Reuters. Retrieved 2011-04-17.
Jake Fisher (2011-02-16). "The 200,000-mile question: How does the Toyota Prius hold up?". Consumer Reports. Retrieved 2011-02-26.
Leijen, Peter; Scott, Jonathan. "Failure analysis of some Toyota Prius battery packs and potential for recovery". Waikato University Research Commons. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
http://www.greentecauto.com
U.S. Department of Energy and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (April 2010). "Fueleconomy.gov's Top Ten EPA-Rated Fuel Sippers (2012)". FuelEconomy.gov. Retrieved 2012-04-08. Click
on the tab "EPA Rated for 2012", and "EPA Rated - All Years" to display
the Top Ten EPA-Rated Fuel Sippers (1984 to present)
"EPA reveals top 10 most fuel-efficient cars since 1984, original Honda Insight takes top honors". Autoblog.com. 2010-06-11. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
Chris Woodyard and James R. Healey (2009-01-14). "Auto Show Notebook: New Prius gets 50 mpg". USA Today. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
David Bailey and Kevin Krolicki (2012-04-10). "Chevy Volt tops Prius in fuel economy rating". Reuters. Retrieved 2012-04-08.
U.S. Department of Energy and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (April 2010). "2012 Most and Least Efficient Vehicles". FuelEconomy.gov. Retrieved 2012-04-08. Click on the tab "Cars (excluding EVs)".
"Hybrid Vehicles: Compare side-by-side". U.S. Department of Energy and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2012-04-05. Retrieved 2012-04-08.Click on 2001, 2004, 2010, and 2012 models. See also here [1]
Toyota News Release (2012-02-28). "Prius Plug-In eligibile for a $1,500 California consumer incentive plus $2,500 Federal tax credit". Green Car Congress. Retrieved 2012-04-08.
"Prius Certified to Japanese 2015 Fuel Economy Standards with JC08 Test Cycle". Green Car Congress. 2007-08-11. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
Toyota (2001). "Evolving to Achieve Maturity and Diversity toward the Hybrid Era: Prius & Estima Hybrid". Efonet. Retrieved 2012-04-10. pp. 73 - download the paper
Toyota News Release (2007-08-10). "TOYOTA、プリウスが「2015年度燃費基準」を達成" [TOYOTA, the Prius achieve "fiscal 2015 fuel economy standards"] (in Japanese). Toyota. Retrieved 2012-04-10.
Sam Abuelsamid (2009-04-03). "Japanese ratings call Prius world's most efficient car, 89.4 mpg (US)!". Autoblog Green. Retrieved 2012-04-10.
Eric Loveday (2011-05-13). "Toyota Prius Alpha launches in Japan; delivery delays expected". Autoblog Green. Retrieved 2012-04-10. See details in TMC press release.
"Toyota launches Aqua compact hybrid in Japan; targeting 12,000 units per month in sales". Green Car Congress. 2011-12-26. Retrieved 2012-04-10.
"Toyota starts taking orders for soon-to-be-launched Prius PHV plug-in hybrid in Japan; targeting 35,000-40,000 units per year". Green Car Congress. 2011-11-29. Retrieved 2012-04-10.
Andrew English (2008-10-11). "Toyota Prius - green winner or loser?". The Daily Telegraph (London: Telegraph Media Group). Retrieved 2008-10-11.
"Toyota and the Environment" (PDF). Toyota UK. 2009.
"GCDA Annual report and accounts 2009–2010 (see page 15)" (PDF). Government Car and Despatch Agency. 2010.
"Dust to Dust" (PDF). CNW Marketing Research. 2006.
Peter H. Gleick (2007). "Hummer versus Prius: 'Dust to Dust' Report Misleads the Media and Public with Bad Science" (PDF).
Jim Motavalli (2008-04-27). "Fear, but Few Facts, on Hybrid Risk". The New York Times.
"Measurement and Analysis of Electromagnetic Fields from Trams, Trains and Hybrid Cars". Rpd.oxfordjournals.org. 2010-06-16. Retrieved 2012-06-01.
"Mythbuster: EMF levels in hybrids" (Press release). ConsumerReports.org. 2010-08-04. Retrieved 2011-01-26.
http://www.icnirp.de/documents/LFgdl.pdf
Danny King (2013-03-01). "Relax, electric-drive vehicles play nice with pacemakers, defibrillators". Autoblog Green. Retrieved 2013-03-20. See more details in the Press Release.
Raymund flandez (2007-02-13). "Blind Pedestrians Say Quiet Hybrids Pose Safety Threat". The Wall Street Journal.
"National Federation of the Blind 2006 Resolutions". The Braille Monitor. August–September 2003.
Youso, Karen (2007-07-20). "Fixit: Will quiet hybrids get noisier?". StarTribune.com (Star Tribune, Minneapolis MN).
"TMC to Sell Approaching Vehicle Audible System for 'Prius'". Toyota Motor Company News Release. 2010-08-24. Retrieved 2010-08-25. Click this link for a video showing a demo of the warning sound at different speeds.
"TMC to Sell Approaching Vehicle Audible System for 'Prius'". Toyota Motor Company News Release. 2010-08-24. Retrieved 2010-08-25.
American Council of the Blind Press Release (2010-12-16). "Critical Pedestrian Safety Legislation Moves to White House for President's Signature". PR Newswire. Retrieved 2010-12-17.
Nikki Gordon-Bloomfield (2011-09-23). "2012 Toyota Prius, Prius V, Prius Plug-in Hybrid: Now With Spaceship Sound". Electric Car Reports. Retrieved 2011-09-25.
Gabe Nelson (2013-03-01). "Louder EVs may turn off drivers, automakers say". Automotive News. Retrieved 2013-03-20.
"ASA Adjudication: Toyota (GB) plc". UK Advertising Standards Authority. 2007-06-06.
"Half Gas, Half Electric, Total California Cool: Hollywood Gets a Charge Out of Hybrid Cars". The Washington Post, page C01, via washingtonpost.com, 2002-06-06. Retrieved on 2007-08-13.
Anderson, Kevin. "Hybrid cars take hold in US". BBC News Website, 2005-02-22. Retrieved on 2007-08-13.
Haddock, Vicki. "Oh, so pious, Prius drivers: Smugness drifts over the warming Earth -- is that a bad thing?" San Francisco Chronicle, page D-3, via sfgate.com, 2007-07-15. Retrieved on 2007-08-13.
Maynard, Micheline; Nick Bunkley and Mary M. Chapman contributing. "Say 'Hybrid' and Many People will Hear 'Prius.'" The New York Times, 2007-07-04. Retrieved on 2007-08-13.
Samuelson, Robert J. "Prius Politics". The Washington Post, page A15, via washingtonpost.com, 2007-07-25. Retrieved on 2007-08-13.
Ember Herrick (2003-01-06). "'What would Jesus drive?' stirs religious coals". Universe, Brigham Young University. Retrieved 2010-08-04.
"James Woolsey - Interview". Motor Trend. Retrieved 2012-06-01.
Belfiore, Michael (November 4, 2007). "Carnegie Takes First in DARPA's Urban Challenge". Wired.
"Snapshot: Brian Griffin's Prius". unknown.
Nancy Knapp Schilke (2012-09-12). "Joao Paulo de Oliveira clinches first career Super GT pole at Fuji". Motorsport.com. Retrieved 2013-04-29.
"Results 2012 Series JAF GP Fuji Sprint Cup Race". Super GT. 2012-11-17. Retrieved 2013-05-03.[clarification needed]
Corporate Incentives (Website). Hybridcars.com. Retrieved on 2007-08-11.
"Q&A with Google's VP of Marketing" BusinessWeek Online, 2007-08-06. Retrieved on 2007-08-12.
"Details of Hyperion Solutions' Drive Clean Program". Hyperion Solutions. November 2004. Retrieved 2007-01-12.
end partial quote from:
-
- Note: I tried to quote "Fear, but few facts on hybrid risk but couldn't here so it you want to read the 2008 article on hybrids please click on it.
Many hybrid owners who have cancers of one kind or another try to reduce further cancers by putting shielding below them under their carpets from front to back behind the furthest seats. With the right kind of shielding you can reduce your exposure to the point where it might never give you cancer even if you drove the car 20 years or more. My point of view is riding in a hybrid is about as dangerous as tying 20 cell phones turned on to your body while you are driving as well as to your head. Would that kill you in 1 year. Probably not. 5 years you might get some minor cancers you can't explain. 10 years it is kind of hard to say. However, 20 years or more likely your health will be affected in various ways because of driving in a hybrid. And it is not only you it is your children as well as anyone else driving in a hybrid too. The same is true of all electric cars as well.
I haven't heard whether Teslas have put shielding in to protect the driver and the passengers. However, since it is the upper end electric now likely you will see them first install carpet shielding from toes in the front seat to back in back of the back seat, just like you now see solar panels built into the roofs of many Teslas too which makes them have enough electricity in their batteries on a sunny day to likely run your whole house just off the Tesla Battery if the Tesla isn't being driven that day. (depending upon the size of your home and household).
In the meantime I would rather drive something like a 36 mpg Hyundai Sonata like I bought for my daughter instead of having to worry about Electromagnetic fields all the time.
No comments:
Post a Comment