Director of National Intelligence
| Director of National Intelligence | |
|---|---|
 Seal of the Director of National Intelligence | |
| United States Intelligence Community | |
| Member of | Cabinet National Security Council (NSC) |
| Reports to | President of the United States |
| Seat | Washington, D.C. |
| Appointer | President of the United States with Senate advice and consent |
| Constituting instrument | 50 U.S.C. § 3023 |
| Precursor | Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) |
| Formation | April 22, 2005 |
| First holder | John Negroponte |
| Deputy | Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence (P/DDNI) |
| Website | www |
The Director of National Intelligence (DNI) is a United States Government Cabinet-level official, required by the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 to:
- serve as head of the eighteen-member United States Intelligence Community
- direct and oversee the National Intelligence Program (NIP)
- serve as an advisor, upon invitation, to the President of the United States and his executive offices of the National Security Council and the Homeland Security Council about intelligence matters related to national security
The officeholder produces the President's Daily Brief (PDB), a top-secret document including intelligence from all the various agencies, given each morning to the President of the United States.[1] The PDB is seen by the President and other authorized individuals.
On July 30, 2008, President George W. Bush issued Executive Order 13470,[2] amending Executive Order 12333 to strengthen the DNI's role.[3] Further, by Presidential Policy Directive 19 signed by Barack Obama in October 2012, the DNI was given overall responsibility for Intelligence Community whistleblowing and source protection.
Under 50 U.S.C. § 403-3a, "under ordinary circumstances, it is desirable" that either the Director or the Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence be an active-duty commissioned officer in the armed forces or have training or experience in military intelligence activities and requirements. Only one of the two positions can be held by a military officer at any given time. The statute does not specify what rank the commissioned officer will hold during his or her tenure in either position.
The DNI, who is appointed by the President and is subject to confirmation by the Senate, serves at the pleasure of the President. The current DNI is Avril Haines, who took office on January 20, 2021.
On November 23, 2020, President-elect Joe Biden nominated Avril Haines to assume the office in January 2021.[4] She was confirmed by the Senate on January 20, 2021, making her the first woman to hold the position.[5]
History[edit]
Founding[edit]
Before the DNI was formally established, the head of the Intelligence Community was the director of central intelligence (DCI), who concurrently served as the director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
The 9/11 Commission recommended establishing the DNI position in its 9/11 Commission Report, not released until July 22, 2004, as it had identified major intelligence failures that called into question how well the intelligence community was able to protect U.S. interests against foreign terrorist attacks.
Senators Dianne Feinstein, Jay Rockefeller and Bob Graham introduced S. 2645 on June 19, 2002, to create the director of national intelligence position. Other similar legislation soon followed. After considerable debate on the scope of the DNI's powers and authorities, the United States Congress passed the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 by votes of 336–75 in the House of Representatives, and 89–2 in the Senate. President George W. Bush signed the bill into law on December 17, 2004. Among other things, the law established the DNI position as the designated leader of the United States intelligence community and prohibited the DNI from serving as the CIA director or the head of any other intelligence community element at the same time. In addition, the law required the CIA Director to report his agency's activities to the DNI.
Critics say compromises during the bill's crafting led to the establishment of a DNI whose powers are too weak to adequately lead, manage and improve the performance of the U.S. intelligence community.[6] In particular, the law left the United States Department of Defense in charge of the National Security Agency (NSA), the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA).[7]
Appointments[edit]
The first Director of National Intelligence was U.S. Ambassador to Iraq John Negroponte who was appointed on February 17, 2005, by President George W. Bush, subject to confirmation by the Senate. It was reported that President Bush's first choice for DNI was former Director of Central Intelligence Robert M. Gates, who was serving as president of Texas A&M University, but who declined the offer.[8] Negroponte was confirmed by a Senate vote of 98 to 2 in favor of his appointment on April 21, 2005, and he was sworn in by President Bush on that day.
On February 13, 2007, Mike McConnell became the second Director of National Intelligence, after Negroponte was appointed Deputy Secretary of State.
Donald M. Kerr was confirmed by the U.S. Senate to be Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence on October 4, 2007, and sworn in on October 9, 2007. Kerr, from Virginia, was most recently the Director of the National Reconnaissance Office and previously the deputy director for science and technology at the CIA. Earlier in his career, he was Assistant Director of the Justice Department's FBI.
Declan McCullagh at News.com wrote on August 24, 2007, that the DNI site was configured to repel all search engines to index any page at DNI.gov. This effectively made the DNI website invisible to all search engines and in turn, any search queries.[9] Ross Feinstein, Spokesman for the DNI, said that the cloaking was removed as of September 3, 2007. "We're not even sure how (the robots.txt file]) got there" – but it was again somehow hidden the next day. Another blog entry by McCullagh on September 7, states that the DNI site should now be open to search engines.[10] This explanation is plausible because some software used for web development has been known to cause servers to automatically generate and re-generate robots.txt, and this behavior can be difficult to turn off. Therefore, if the web developers working for the DNI had tried to solve the issue by simply removing robots.txt, it would have looked like it worked at first, but then fail once the server had undergone a self-check for the robots.txt file.[11] robots.txt has been configured to allow access to all directories for any agent.
In September 2007, the Office of the DNI released "Intelligence Community 100 Day & 500 Day Plans for Integration & Collaboration". These plans include a series of initiatives designed to build the foundation for increased cooperation and reform of the U.S. Intelligence Community.[12]
On July 20, 2010, President Barack Obama nominated retired Lt. (three-star) Gen. James R. Clapper for the position. Clapper was confirmed by the Senate on August 5, and replaced acting Director David C. Gompert. The prior DNI was retired Navy four-star admiral Dennis C. Blair, whose resignation became effective May 28, 2010.[13]
Office of the Director of National Intelligence[edit]
The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 established the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) as an independent agency to assist the DNI. The ODNI's goal is to effectively integrate foreign, military and domestic intelligence in defense of the homeland and of United States interests abroad.[14] The ODNI has about 1,750 employees.[15]
On March 23, 2007, DNI Mike McConnell announced organizational changes, which include:
- Elevating acquisition to a new Deputy DNI position
- Creating a new Deputy DNI for Policy, Plans, and Requirements (replacing the Deputy DNI for Requirements position)
- Establishing an Executive Committee
- Designating the Chief of Staff position as the new Director of the Intelligence Staff
The ODNI continued to evolve under succeeding directors, culminating in a new organization focused on intelligence integration across the community. The ODNI has six centers and 15 Offices that, together with the centers, support the Director of National Intelligence as the head of the Intelligence Community (IC) in overseeing and directing implementation of the NIP and acting as the principal advisor to the President, the National Security Council, and the Homeland Security Council for intelligence matters related to national security.[citation needed]
Organization[edit]
The ODNI leadership includes the director, principal deputy director and chief operating officer.[16] In addition, the Director of Defense Intelligence reports to the DNI.
There are four directorates, each led by a deputy director of national intelligence:[16][17]
- Enterprise Capacity Directorate
- Mission Integration Directorate
- National Security Partnerships Directorate
- Strategy & Engagement Directorate
There are four mission centers, each led by a director of that center:[16][17]
- Cyber Threat Intelligence Integration Center
- National Counterproliferation Center
- National Counterterrorism Center
- National Counterintelligence and Security Center
There are also four oversight offices:[16][17]
- Office of Civil Liberties, Privacy and Transparency
- Office of Equal Employment Opportunity & Diversity
- Office of the Intelligence Community Inspector General
- Office of General Counsel
Directors[edit]
| No. | Director | Term of office | Days in office (yrs, dys) | Rank by length of term | President(s) served under | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Position succeeded the Director of Central Intelligence | ||||||
| 1 |  | John Negroponte | April 21, 2005 – February 13, 2007 | (1 year, 298 days) | George W. Bush | |
| 2 | .jpg) | Mike McConnell | February 13, 2007 – January 27, 2009 | (1 year, 349 days) | ||
| 3 | .jpg) | Dennis C. Blair | January 29, 2009 – May 28, 2010 | (1 year, 119 days) | Barack Obama | |
| – | .jpg) | David Gompert Acting | May 28, 2010 – August 5, 2010 | — | — | |
| 4 | .jpg) | James Clapper | August 5, 2010 – January 20, 2017 | (6 years, 168 days) | ||
| – | .jpg) | Mike Dempsey Acting | January 20, 2017 – March 16, 2017 | — | — | Donald Trump |
| 5 | .jpg) | Dan Coats | March 16, 2017 – August 15, 2019 | (2 years, 152 days) | ||
| – | .jpg) | Joseph Maguire Acting | August 16, 2019 – February 20, 2020 | — | — | |
| – | .jpg) | Richard Grenell Acting | February 20, 2020 – May 26, 2020 | — | — | |
| 6 | .jpg) | John Ratcliffe | May 26, 2020 – January 20, 2021 | (239 days) | ||
| – |  | Lora Shiao Acting | January 20, 2021 | — | — | Joe Biden |
| 7 |  | Avril Haines | January 20, 2021 – Present | 7 | ||
Line of succession[edit]
The line of succession for the Director of National Intelligence is as follows:[18]
- Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence
- Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Intelligence Integration
- Director of the National Counterterrorism Center
- Director of the National Counterintelligence and Security Center
- Inspector General of the Intelligence Community
Subordinates[edit]
Principal deputy directors of national intelligence[edit]
| Name | Term of office | President(s) served under |
|---|---|---|
| Michael Hayden | April 21, 2005 – May 26, 2006 | George W. Bush |
| Ronald L. Burgess Jr. Acting | June 2006 – October 2007 | |
| Donald Kerr | October 2007 – January 2009 | |
| Ronald L. Burgess Jr. Acting | January 2009 – February 2009 | Barack Obama |
| David C. Gompert | November 10, 2009 – August 2010 | |
| Stephanie O'Sullivan | February 18, 2011 – January 20, 2017 | |
| Susan M. Gordon | August 7, 2017 – August 15, 2019 | Donald Trump |
| Andrew P. HallmanA Acting | October 30, 2019 – February 21, 2020 | |
| Neil WileyA | May 13, 2020 – Present |
- A.^ Hallman's and Wiley's position is Principal Executive, which does not require Senate confirmation. The duties are the same as those of a principal deputy director.[19]
Chief Operating Officer[edit]
| Name | Term of office | President(s) served under |
|---|---|---|
| Deirdre Walsh | February 2018 – May 2020 | Donald Trump |
Director of the Intelligence Staff/Chief Management Officer[edit]
| Name | Term of office | President(s) served under |
|---|---|---|
| Ronald L. Burgess Jr. | May 2007 – February 2009 | George W. Bush, Barack Obama |
| John Kimmons | February 2009 – October 2010 | Barack Obama |
| Mark Ewing | November 2010 – n/a | Barack Obama, Donald Trump |
Intelligence Community Inspector General[edit]
| Name | Term of office | President(s) served under |
|---|---|---|
| Charles McCullough | October 7, 2010 – March 2017[20] | Barack Obama, Donald Trump |
| Michael Atkinson | May 17, 2018 – Present | Donald Trump |
Deputy directors of national intelligence[edit]
| Name | Office | Term of office | President(s) served under |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beth Sanner | Mission Integration | May 2019[21] – Present | Donald Trump |
| Kevin Meiners[22] | Enterprise Capacity | n/a – Present | Donald Trump |
| Karen Gibson | National Security Partnerships | April 2019[23] – Present | Donald Trump |
| Corin Stone[24] | Strategy & Engagement | n/a – Present | Donald Trump |
Assistant directors of national intelligence[edit]
| Name | Office | Term of office | President(s) served under |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deborah Kircher | ADNI for Human Capital | October 2011[25] – Present | Barack Obama, Donald Trump |
| John Sherman | Intelligence Community Chief Information Officer | September 2017[26] – June 2020[27] | Donald Trump |
| Trey Treadwell[28] | Chief Financial Officer | n/a – Present | Donald Trump |
| Catherine Johnston | ADNI for Systems and Resource Analyses | May 2018[29] – Present | Donald Trump |
| Roy Pettis[30] | ADNI for Acquisition, Procurement and Facilities | n/a – Present | Donald Trump |
| James Smith[31] | ADNI for Policy and Strategy (Acting) | n/a – Present | Donald Trump |
See also[edit]
- Title 32 of the CFR
- Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity
- Information Sharing Environment
- Intellipedia
- Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System (JWICS)
- National Intelligence Coordination Center
- The National Security Act of 1947
- Open source intelligence
- United States Joint Intelligence Community Council
- US intelligence community A-Space
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