Modern Europeans descended from three groups
Modern
Europeans are descended from three major groups of ancient humans, not
two as was previously thought, according to a gene analysis published on
Wednesday. Until now, the mainstream theory was that Europeans
descended from early farmers who moved into Europe from the Middle East
about 7,500…
AFP
Modern Europeans descended from three groups
6 hours ago
Researchers exhume human
remains dating back to abuot - 500 BC during excavation works on August
14, 2014 in eastern France (AFP Photo/Fred Marvaux)
Paris (AFP) - Modern Europeans are descended from three major
groups of ancient humans, not two as was previously thought, according
to a gene analysis published on Wednesday.
Until now, the mainstream theory was that Europeans
descended from early farmers who moved into Europe from the Middle East
about 7,500 years ago, and local hunter-gatherers they interbred with.
But a DNA analysis in the journal Nature says there was a third group in the mix: people from northern Eurasia.
The finding means that North Eurasians -- who inhabited a vast swathe of land stretching across much of Russia and northern Asia -- contributed to the gene pool both in Europe and North America.
Their influence on the Americas were borne out in previous studies which showed that North Eurasians crossed to modern-day Alaska more than 15,000 years ago via an "ice bridge" that connected islands in the Bering Strait at the time.
"What we find is unambiguous evidence that people in Europe have all three of these ancestries," said David Reich of Harvard Medical School, who led the study with Johannes Krause at Germany's University of Tuebingen.
The 100-strong team of scientists drew on a vast collection of resources.
They unravelled DNA teased from nine ancient skeletons found in Sweden, Luxembourg and Germany. The remains were those of eight hunter-gatherers who lived about 8,000 years ago, before the advent of agriculture, and one farmer from about 7,000 years ago.
"There was a sharp genetic transition between the (era of) hunter-gatherers and the farmers, reflecting a major movement of new people into Europe from the Near East," said Reich.
The genomes were overlaid with the genetic codes of 2,300 present-day people living all over the world.
But a DNA analysis in the journal Nature says there was a third group in the mix: people from northern Eurasia.
The finding means that North Eurasians -- who inhabited a vast swathe of land stretching across much of Russia and northern Asia -- contributed to the gene pool both in Europe and North America.
Their influence on the Americas were borne out in previous studies which showed that North Eurasians crossed to modern-day Alaska more than 15,000 years ago via an "ice bridge" that connected islands in the Bering Strait at the time.
"What we find is unambiguous evidence that people in Europe have all three of these ancestries," said David Reich of Harvard Medical School, who led the study with Johannes Krause at Germany's University of Tuebingen.
The 100-strong team of scientists drew on a vast collection of resources.
They unravelled DNA teased from nine ancient skeletons found in Sweden, Luxembourg and Germany. The remains were those of eight hunter-gatherers who lived about 8,000 years ago, before the advent of agriculture, and one farmer from about 7,000 years ago.
"There was a sharp genetic transition between the (era of) hunter-gatherers and the farmers, reflecting a major movement of new people into Europe from the Near East," said Reich.
The genomes were overlaid with the genetic codes of 2,300 present-day people living all over the world.
"The
ancient North Eurasian ancestry is proportionally the smallest
component everywhere in Europe, never more than 20 percent, but we find
it in nearly every European group we've studied and also in the Caucasus
and Near East," said Iosif Lazaridis, one of the Harvard team.
Northern
Europeans have relatively more hunter-gatherer ancestry -- up to about
50 percent in Lithuanians -- whereas southern Europeans have more farmer
ancestry, he added.
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