The Director of National Intelligence (DNI)
is the United States government cabinet-level official – subject to the
authority, direction, and control of the President ...
Director of National Intelligence
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The
Director of National Intelligence (
DNI) is the
United States government cabinet-level official – subject to the authority, direction, and control of the
President – required by the
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 to:
On July 30, 2008, President
George W. Bush issued
Executive Order 13470,
[1] amending
Executive Order 12333 to strengthen the DNI's role.
[2] Further, by
Presidential Policy Directive 19 signed by
Barack Obama in October 2012, the DNI was given overall responsibility for Intelligence Community
whistleblowing and source protection.
Under
50 U.S.C. § 403-3a,
"under ordinary circumstances, it is desirable" that either the
Director or the Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence be an
active-duty commissioned officer in the
armed forces
or have training or experience in military intelligence activities and
requirements. Only one of the two positions can be held by a military
officer at any given time. The statute does not specify what rank the
commissioned officer will hold during his or her tenure in either
position. On July 20, 2010,
President Obama nominated retired Lt. (three-star) Gen.
James R. Clapper for the position. Clapper was confirmed by the Senate on August 5, 2010, and replaced acting Director
David C. Gompert. The prior DNI was retired
Navy four-star admiral
Dennis C. Blair, whose resignation became effective May 28, 2010.
[3]
History
Founding
Before the DNI was formally established, the head of the
Intelligence Community was the
Director of Central Intelligence (DCI), who concurrently served as the Director of the
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
The
9/11 Commission recommended establishing the DNI position in its
9/11 Commission Report,
not released until July 22, 2004, as it had identified major
intelligence failures that called into question how well the
intelligence community was able to protect U.S. interests against
foreign terrorist attacks.
Senators
Dianne Feinstein,
Jay Rockefeller and
Bob Graham
introduced S. 2645 on June 19, 2002, to create the Director of National
Intelligence position. Other similar legislation soon followed. After
considerable debate on the scope of the DNI's powers and authorities,
the
United States Congress passed the
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 by votes of 336–75 in the
House of Representatives, and 89–2 in the
Senate. President
George W. Bush
signed the bill into law on December 17, 2004. Among other things, the
law established the DNI position as the designated leader of the
United States Intelligence Community
and prohibited the DNI from serving as the CIA Director or the head of
any other Intelligence Community element at the same time. In addition,
the law required the CIA Director to "report" his agency's activities to
the DNI.
Critics say compromises during the bill's crafting led to the
establishment of a DNI whose powers are too weak to adequately lead,
manage and improve the performance of the US Intelligence Community.
[4] In particular, the law left the
United States Department of Defense in charge of the
National Security Agency (NSA), the
National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), and the
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA). (The limited DNI role in leading the US Intelligence Community is discussed on the
Intelligence Community page.)
History (2005–2007)
On February 17, 2005, President
George W. Bush named US
Ambassador to Iraq John Negroponte to the post, pending
confirmation by the Senate. It was reported that President Bush's first choice for Director of National Intelligence was former
Director of Central Intelligence Robert M. Gates, who was serving as president of
Texas A&M University; however, Gates declined the offer.
[5]
Negroponte was confirmed by a Senate vote of 98 to 2 in favor of his
appointment on April 21, 2005, and he was sworn in by President Bush on
that day.
On February 13, 2007,
John Michael McConnell became the 2nd Director of National Intelligence, after Negroponte was appointed
Deputy Secretary of State.
Donald M. Kerr
was confirmed by the U.S. Senate to be Principal Deputy Director of
National Intelligence on October 4, 2007 and sworn in on October 9,
2007. Kerr, from Virginia, was most recently the Director of the
National Reconnaissance Office, and previously the Duty Director for Science and Technology at the US
CIA and earlier in his career the Assistant Director of the Justice Department's
FBI.
Declan McCullagh
at News.com wrote on August 24, 2007, that the DNI site was configured
to repel all search engines to index any page at DNI.gov. This
effectively made the DNI website invisible to all search engines and in
turn, any search queries.
[6]
Ross Feinstein, Spokesman for the DNI, said that the cloaking was
removed as of September 3, 2007. "We're not even sure how (the
robots.txt
file]) got there" – but it was again somehow hidden the next day.
Another blog entry by McCullagh on September 7, states that the DNI site
should now be open to search engines.
[7]
This explanation is plausible because some software used for web
development has been known to cause servers to automatically generate
and re-generate robots.txt, and this behavior can be difficult to turn
off. Therefore, if the web developers working for the DNI had tried to
solve the issue by simply removing robots.txt, it would have looked like
it worked at first, but then fail once the server had undergone a
self-check for the robots.txt file.
[8] robots.txt has been configured to allow access to all directories for any agent.
In September 2007, the Office of the DNI released "Intelligence
Community 100 Day & 500 Day Plans for Integration &
Collaboration". These plans include a series of initiatives designed to
build the foundation for increased cooperation and reform of the U.S.
Intelligence Community.
[9]
Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI)
The
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 established the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) as an
independent agency
to assist the DNI. The ODNI's goal is to effectively integrate foreign,
military and domestic intelligence in defense of the homeland and of
United States interests abroad.
[10] The budget for the
ODNI and the
Intelligence Community for fiscal year 2013 was $52.6 billion
[11] and the base request for fiscal year 2014 was $48.2 billion.
[12]
The Military Intelligence Program (MIP) base budget request for fiscal
year 2014, excluding overseas contingency funds, is $14.6 billion, which
together with the NIP, comprise an Intelligence Community budget
request of $62.8 billion for fiscal year 2014.
[13] The
ODNI has about 1,750 employees.
[14]
On March 23, 2007, DNI
Mike McConnell announced organizational changes, which include:
- Elevating acquisition to a new Deputy DNI position
- Creating a new Deputy DNI for Policy, Plans, and Requirements (replacing the Deputy DNI for Requirements position)
- Establishing an Executive Committee
- Designating the Chief of Staff position as the new Director of the Intelligence Staff
The ODNI continued to evolve under succeeding directors, culminating
in a new organization focused on intelligence integration across the
community. The ODNI has six centers and 15 Offices that, together with
the centers, support the Director of National Intelligence as the head
of the Intelligence Community (IC) in overseeing and directing
implementation of the NIP and acting as the principal advisor to the
President, the National Security Council, and the Homeland Security
Council for intelligence matters related to national security. The six
ODNI centers include:
- Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Agency (IARPA)
- Information Sharing Environment (ISE)
- National Counterproliferation Center (NCPC)
- National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC)
- National Intelligence Council (NIC)
- Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive (ONCIX).
ODNI organization
The
ODNI is divided into core, enabling, and oversight offices. The
Principal Duty Director (PDDNI) to the DNI, in a role similar to that of
a Chief Operating Officer, oversees operation of ODNI offices, manages
Intelligence Community (IC) coordination and information sharing,
reinforces the DNI's intelligence-integration initiatives, and focuses
on IC resource challenges.
Core mission
The
core mission functions of the ODNI are organized under the Deputy DNI
for Intelligence Integration (DDNI/II). The DDNI/II facilitates
information sharing and collaboration through the integration of
analysis and collection, and leads execution of core mission functions.
These include:
Mission enablers
Mission enablers include policy, engagement, acquisition, resource, human capital, financial, and information offices.
Oversight
Oversight
offices include the General Counsel, civil liberties, public affairs,
Inspector General, Equal Employment Opportunity, and legislative affairs
functions.
[10]
Directors
- Status
Denotes an
Acting Director of National Intelligence
| No. |
Director |
Term of Office |
President(s) served under |
| Position succeeded the Director of Central Intelligence |
| 1 |
 |
John Negroponte |
April 21, 2005 – February 13, 2007 |
George W. Bush |
| 2 |
 |
Mike McConnell |
February 13, 2007 – January 27, 2009 |
| 3 |
 |
Dennis C. Blair |
January 29, 2009 – May 28, 2010 |
Barack Obama |
| – |
 |
David Gompert
Acting |
May 28, 2010 – August 5, 2010 |
| 4 |
 |
James R. Clapper |
August 5, 2010 – January 20, 2017 |
| – |
 |
Mike Dempsey
Acting |
January 20, 2017 – March 16, 2017 |
Donald Trump |
| 5 |
 |
Dan Coats |
March 16, 2017 – present |
Line of succession
The line of succession for the Director of National Intelligence is as follows:
[15]
- Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence
- Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Intelligence Integration
- Director of the National Counterterrorism Center
- National Counterintelligence Executive
- Inspector General of the Intelligence Community
Subordinates
Principal Deputy Directors of National Intelligence
Director of the Intelligence Staff/Chief Management Officer
Deputy Directors of National Intelligence
| Name |
Office |
Term of Office |
President(s) served under |
| Robert Cardillo |
Intelligence Integration (oversees collection and analysis) |
September 2010 – October 2014 |
Barack Obama |
| Peter Lavoy |
Analysis |
December 2008 – ??? |
George W. Bush |
| Vacant |
Collection |
April 2010 – ??? |
Barack Obama |
| David Shedd |
Policy, Plans and Requirements |
May 2007 – ??? |
George W. Bush |
| Dawn Meyerriecks |
Acquisition and Technology |
September 2009 – ??? |
Barack Obama |
Assistant Directors of National Intelligence
| Name |
Office |
Term of Office |
President(s) served under |
| Deborah Kircher |
ADNI for Human Capital |
October 2011 – present |
Barack Obama |
| Al Tarasiuk |
Intelligence Community Chief Information Officer |
February 2011 – present |
Barack Obama |
| Marilyn A. Vacca |
Chief Financial Officer |
April 2009 – present |
Barack Obama |
| L. Roger Mason, Jr. |
ADNI for Systems and Resource Analyses |
May 2009 – present |
Barack Obama |
| Dawn Meyerriecks |
ADNI for Acquisition, Technology and Facilities |
??? – present |
Barack Obama |
Assistant Deputy Directors of National Intelligence
See also
References
Seal of the Director of National Intelligence
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