What does it mean: "Train Human beings to live with or without a planet"

This appears to be how the Robotic Sentients figured out a way for humans to survive with genetics and sanity intact through to 2100 AD and beyond for the human race of earth. 

So, training humans to live with or without a viable planet to live on simply means that the ecology of earth (including bacteria and viruses) as well as winds above 200 to 300 mph often over lands and seas will make life here on earth difficult to impossible for possibly 90% of human beings by 2100AD.

So, unless people figure out how to build space ships to live in space to survive or figure out ways to live underground (without getting flooded) or figure out ways to live under the ocean where waves of 100 feet or more won't kill them, they just won't be around anymore.

So, the robotic sentients are sending in the Space Marauder tribes to teach people how to build space ships, satellites to live on, how to live underground without getting flooded out, and how to grow food in space and underground when winds are 200 to 300 mph outside here on earth.

Otherwise, not enough humans would survive this century to have a big enough genetic pool to not all be somewhat crazy from inbreeding.

You need good genetics and you need to be sane and rational to be able to survive what is coming to earth this century regarding bacteria, Viruses and winds and rain and droughts.