Explosive Depressurization

Tonight I found that one of my friend's father's had passed on. Since he was at least 90 maybe it was his time. He was telling me how his Dad helped design the guidance systems for rockets at NASA as an  engineer. He was mentioning that the early version of what keeps planes on Autopilot and allows them to be flown from the ground in an emergency his father was one of the designers.

My friend is a Zen Buddhist and studied Zen Buddhism with his father in Japan when he was a boy. I find it hard to talk to him about spiritual things even though I find Zen very scientific and useful because he doesn't believe in God. So, since I see the value of Buddhism as a useful humanistic philosophy and have studied with Tibetan Lamas in the U.S. and India and Nepal we do have some things in common. However, since I am a mystic I am also spiritual and I also believe in God. So, like today I asked him where his father was now. And he said, "That's not important! What is important to be in every moment and to be present." However, because my 23 year old daughter has done two 10 day Vipassanas where you don't talk for 10 days and has spoken with me about what she learns on these inner voyages I could finally understand some of the things my friend was saying to me recently while we both we at a fund raiser for his daughter's  and my daughter's private school. So, I left the fund raiser very impressed with what I had learned about how my friend actually perceives reality. Even though it isn't my path I can be impressed with the logic of his path. It appears that as one realizes that 'resistence is futile' one relaxes through both pleasure and pain and thereby increases one's lifespan and awareness of each and every moment. I sometimes find myself doing this as well as it is something that one who lives past 40 often does automatically just to stay alive another day or another year.

Then I found myself beginning to thing about how flying a passenger plane from the ground actually works technologically. I visualized "explosive decompression" at an altitude of around 40,000 feet which did not damage the fuselage, or wings or control surfaces. So, everyone in the plane was no longer alive. Since the plane was on automatic pilot before this and since the control tower of where the plane was headed could not raise the ship on the radio I could imagine them taking over the plane from automatic pilot to be flown remotely much like a drone and then landing the plane so the plane wasn't lost and so all the bodies of those on board could go to their next of kin, and also so it didn't crash into a building somewhere or people on the ground or into a military base or something like that.
With today's passenger planes this is now possible and likely has been for over 10 or 15 years now.

Whether Obamacare passes Supreme Court or Not

I thought it might be important to see the advantages and disadvantages of Obamacare passing the Supreme Court. Also, this might be a moote point because parts of it might still pass without the individual mandate passing the Supreme Court. So, on one level it is difficult to know how this whole thing is going to go. But if it is up or down here are some thoughts.

Negative side if it passes:
On the negative side if it passes if it is administered improperly (likely to be this way eventually) it could be very wasteful just like most government programs.

States might not set up Obamacare and lose funding or just get so angry that they try to secede or something like that.

Positive side if it passes:
It might prevent the eventual bankruptcy of our nation because of uncontrolled healthcare costs.

100s of thousands of people that would have died in the next 10 years will still be alive.

It might actually work for a whole lot of people although there would always be some who are against it.

If it doesn't make it through the Supreme court:

Positive side if it doesn't pass:

States rights and the Commerce Clause won't be as big a question as they were.

Likely 23 or 24 States will Follow the template of Massachusetts for state mandated Healthcare led by states like California and New York and others. And the states will use the same methods and templates laid down by Massachusetts and Obamacare. But it won't be a states rights problem anymore.

Negative side if it doesn't pass:

Thousands of people will die and this will be documented in detail on the news and the Supreme Court and Republicans in general will be blamed for these deaths ad nauseum for the next 6 months to a year or more.

Country could easily go bankrupt from healthcare out of control

And a Constitutional Crisis is bound to Erupt and Obama and the Democratic Party will definitely run against   the Supreme Court like Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1936 and won, and like Truman ran against the Congress in 1948 and barely won against Dewey.

Since I tend to be an Independent myself I am trying to put this in as neutral of terms as possible. Because in the end I want what is best for my country. It doesn't matter to me what party it comes from. I want our country to still be here with its Constitution and Bill of Rights intact hundreds of years from now. So whatever keeps our country free and working I will likely be for. I tend to vote for what is best for my country even if that is not necessarily what is best for me personally.

Interesting stances of Branches of U.S. Government

Apr 05, 2012

Holder: Obama administration respects the Supreme Court

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By David Jackson, USA TODAY

Updated 2h 10m ago

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By Saul Loeb, AFP/Getty Images

Attorney General Eric Holder told a federal appeals court today that President Obama and the Justice Department respect the Supreme Court's right to review legislation, and he pushed back on the judge's criticism of Obama's comments on the pending health care case."The department has not in this litigation, nor in any other litigation of which I am aware, ever asked this or any other court to reconsider or limit long-established precedent concerning judicial review of the constitutionality of federal legislation," Holder wrote.
At the end of a three-page memo addressed mainly to Appeals Court Judge Jerry Smith, Holder wrote: "The President's remarks were fully consistent with the principles described herein."
On Monday, Obama said he expects the Supreme Court to uphold the health care law -- and that an adverse ruling could well be defined as "judicial activism."
The president cited "conservative commentators" who have argued that "the biggest problem on the bench was judicial activism or a lack of judicial restraint -- that an unelected group of people would somehow overturn a duly constituted and passed law. Well, this is a good example." end quote from:

http://content.usatoday.com/communities/theoval/post/2012/04/obama-ag-we-respect-the-supreme-court/1?csp=34news#.T34H-o5Gj8A

So, if Obamacare is voted down the argument against the Supreme Court will likely be "That the Supreme Court has broken the precedents of the past 70 years and has entered into Judicial Activism" And should therefore be considered suspect by the people of the U.S. as people as having entered into activism without being voted upon by the people and therefore are acting in an activist way without being under the consent of the governed. Also, if Obamacare is voted down it will be an unprecedented(nothing like this has happened before since FDR) move by the Supreme Court which likely will create a Constitutional Crisis between all three branches of government, the executive, the judicial and the legislative branches of government.

Recessions 1960 until now

I was thinking today that it might be useful for people to understand the differences between recessions from 1960 until now. If you look at the graphs on page 28 of the April 2nd Time magazine all this becomes very clear.

Starting in the early 1960s recession it went to about 7 percent unemployment and then by the late 1960s it recovered to about 3 to 3.5% unemployment nationwide. Then I believe the first big recession began in the 1970s about the same time as the Arab Oil Embargo around 1973 when unemployment jumped from about 3% to 6% unemployment. It has never recovered to less than about 4% to 5% unemployment since the late 1960s ever since. The second recession of the 1970s began in the middle 1970s and went to about 9% unemployment with a recovery just below 6% unemployment. Then in the early 1980s it went to the highest unmployment (even higher than what we experienced a few year ago in the upper 10% unemployment range). Then in the late 1980s it dropped down to about 5% or so unemployment average nationwide. Then in the early 1990s it shot back up to almost 8% unemployment. Then after Bush 2 came into office there was the after 9-11 recession and unemployment jumped from about 4% to around 6% or more. Then by 2006 it dropped back down to a little over 4% again. Finally during the beggining of the Great Recession it jumped up to 10.1% unemployment and around 8 to 9 million people lost their jobs. We are presently at 8.3% nationwide.

The second graph on page 28 is difficult to describe but it is obvious to anyone that the Great Recession was at the very least 2 to 3 times worse than any other recession since the Great Depression.

Photos from the Cairgorm Mountains of Scotland

After downloading a copy of all my photos and my daughter's photos of England and Scotland that we took back in October 2011 I came across the following photo that she took of the felt wearing off the horns of reindeer with a lady who was a reindeer handler looking back at her with a very Celtic Fae effect for anyone who sees this. I had seen this before but today I realized I should share this and a couple of the other photos up close of reindeer.

Unemployment rates by State Nationwide

I'm looking at a graph here on page 26 and 27 from the April 2nd Time Magazine. It doesn't show every number but I'll give you what is in numbers. The ones that are shown only as colors I will also describe.

1% unemployment in North Dakota because of  new oil deposits being dug up.
3.9% unemployment in Utah
4.2% unemployment in Wyoming because of 100 coal packed trains every day
5.7% unemployment in Oregon
Also, in the 1% to 6 percent range of unemployment South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, Virginia, Vermont, New Hamshire, Massachusetts, Kansas, Oklahoma, Louisiana.

Alaska appears to be around 7%   and Hawaii about 6% 

Then many states are around 7% unemployment like Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Arkansas, Missouri, Alabama, Ohio, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Maine.

Then the states that are around the national average of 8% Arizona, Tennessee, Kentucky, Indiana, New York, Idaho and Washington.

And then you have states like California and North Carolina which are in the 10% range of unemployment

And then you have Nevada which is the worst hit of all at 12% 

However, it is important to note because I live in Northern California that one of the exceptions in California is Silicon Valley which is in total Boom Times which many people don't know about. Silicon Valley near San Jose is in Gold Rush mode because of Google, Facebook, and all the other big online companies located there that either design, manufacture components or operate internet companies or all three at once there.

To visit this graph yourself that I describe above just go to pages 26 and 27 in the April 2nd, 2012 Time Magazine or Time.com if you have an account there.

If I didn't list your state or a state you were interested in it was only because it was unclear to me exactly what the unemployment was there or just because there are so many states (50) that is is easy to omit one or more by accident.

At or Past Peak Oil at Present

Peak Oil - Club of Rome

I was watching the above video which I found very informative. It looks like it was made around 2008 and even then it spoke of being just before the Peak of Oil or just after. Likely now (4 years later we are past the peak of oil worldwide) If I take seriously the facts presented in the above presentation, if we are presently past peak oil worldwide, then the more middle class people that come into place worldwide the faster our world oil supplies will dwindle sort of like a roller coaster gaining speed after it reaches the highest point. If this is true it could be very dangerous for many or most countries on earth. Though I noticed the price of Gasoline dropped 6 cents since I last bought gas this likely is an anomaly, whereas a slow upward tick of the price of gasoline worldwide is likely to be the trend over the next 30 or so years at which point gasoline might be 10 dollars to 25 dollars a gallon or more even here in the U.S.

So, this might mean that we all have much less time to convert to other fuels than we thought before. Ethanol is a good idea but if we use corn this will cause many people to starve in the world because it raises the price of corn up exponentially to use corn ethanol since corn is a food staple in many countries both for humans and farm animals.

But, in Brazil they raise Sugar Cane that they turn into ethanol which doesn't cause people to starve like using corn does.

My cousin's idea of buying a 4 or 5 passenger Tesla sounds better every day. 300 miles on a charge with 7000 batteries on board.

One of the things that I found interesting is that the actual Era of Cheap Oil was between 1920 and around 1970 until the Arab Oil Embargo in I believe 1973. 1973 ended Cheap Oil and I can remember how this threw the U.S. into recession after recession throughout the 1970s and 1980s and even into the 1990s. During Cheap Oil we had a remarkably productive time from the end of World War II until about 1973. The price of oil went from around 17cents to 25cents a gallon to around 75 or 80 cents a gallon. That might not seem like much of a change today but if you go from 25 cents a gallon to even 75 cents a gallon that would be like going from the present $4.21 a gallon to $12.63  a gallon. This was a disaster for the U.S. and like I said threw us into recession after recession when you combined this with how much money we put into the Viet Nam War. The only reason the U.S. recovered is that other countries started to loan us money to get us out of the hole. Sound familiar?

If we are past the peak and it sounds more and more like we are worldwide, it is predicted that the actual oil produced will decline as much as 6.7% per year from now on. Likely this could raise the retail price of gasoline an equal amount or more per year. The way in which the price has gone up since January might be an early indicator of this trend already. People are trying to blame this on Iran but what if this is the new norm with or without the present Iran crisis? I'm beginning to believe that with or without Iran these price increases are the new norm because the cost of deep water or almost inaccessible oil wells is starting to bring the cost per barrel many places to 100 dollars or more per barrel just to get it out of the ground or from under the water thousands of feet below.

In order to meet the coming demand we will need 6 times the current capacity of Saudi Arabia. At present that is impossible to do.

MIT predicts Global Economic Collapse by 2030

Next Great Depression? MIT researchers predict ‘global economic collapse’ by 2030

By Eric Pfeiffer | The Sideshow – 10 hrs ago

(AP/Andy Wong)

A new study from researchers at Jay W. Forrester's institute at MIT says that the world could suffer from "global economic collapse" and "precipitous population decline" if people continue to consume the world's resources at the current pace.
Smithsonian Magazine writes that Australian physicist Graham Turner says "the world is on track for disaster" and that current evidence coincides with a famous, and in some quarters, infamous, academic report from 1972 entitled, "The Limits to Growth."

Produced for a group called The Club of Rome, the study's researchers created a computing model to forecast different scenarios based on the current models of population growth and global resource consumption. The study also took into account different levels of agricultural productivity, birth control and environmental protection efforts. Twelve million copies of the report were produced and distributed in 37 different languages.

Most of the computer scenarios found population and economic growth continuing at a steady rate until about 2030. But without "drastic measures for environmental protection," the scenarios predict the likelihood of a population and economic crash.

However, the study said "unlimited economic growth" is still possible if world governments enact policies and invest in green technologies that help limit the expansion of our ecological footprint.

The Smithsonian notes that several experts strongly objected to "The Limit of Growth's" findings, including the late Yale economist Henry Wallich, who for 12 years served as a governor of the Federal Research Board and was its chief international economics expert. At the time, Wallich said attempting to regulate economic growth would be equal to "consigning billions to permanent poverty."

Turner says that perhaps the most startling find from the study is that the results of the computer scenarios were nearly identical to those predicted in similar computer scenarios used as the basis for "The Limits to Growth."

"There is a very clear warning bell being rung here," Turner said. "We are not on a sustainable trajectory." end quote from:

http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/sideshow/next-great-depression-mit-researchers-predict-global-economic-190352944.html

However, since the Human Singularity is supposed to be around 2045 many different dynamics are converging simultaneously. I agree that population likely will begin to drop from pandemics, no more fish in the ocean, not enough clean water, and Global Climate Changes. It is not necessary to have a World War to reduce population because it likely is going to reduce by many different factors on its own. If you study any animal species that overpopulates an area without being thinned out by humans you will see part of what likely will happen on its own without any help from anyone. 

However, simultaneously there will be many breakthroughs in technology. For example, by 2030 the solar cell will be the most efficient generator of electricity on earth, much like the microchip is now billions of times faster and more efficient than it was in the 1970s when first invented. So, this and other breakthroughs might solve the energy problem. So, the biggest problems likely will be Global Climate change, droughts, and over 100 mph winds in tornadoes, Hurricanes and storms which are being predicted by Weather scientists and computer models worldwide. So, droughts and the inability to grow food in the open many places because of high winds in various forms might be a problem. And it is likely there will be little to no wild fish in the oceans likely by 2030 as well. However, there will be fish farms in the oceans and lakes and large rivers of many nations.

Spain Real Test for European Union

The following is a quote from Bloomberg.com:

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-04-04/spain-not-greece-is-the-real-test-for-the-european-union.html

Editorials

Spain Not Greece Is the Real Test for the European Union

Illustration by Bloomberg View

By the Editors Apr 4, 2012 4:00 PM PT

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The decisive test of the euro area’s plans for economic recovery was never Greece but Spain, and the European Union shows every sign of failing it.
The Spanish government’s new austerity plan hasn’t won investors’ confidence, and this creates a threat not just to Spain but to the whole EU. Europe’s governments need to change course before it’s too late.
An auction of Spanish bonds on Wednesday was the first verdict on Spain’s new budget. It didn’t go well. Demand was poor and prices fell. The country’s borrowing costs rose with 10 year bond yields in the secondary market hitting 5.7 percent, the highest since the beginning of the year. The premium over German government bonds increased to nearly four percentage points, the highest since November.
The problem is not that Spain’s new austerity plan is too timid. Just the opposite: Under EU orders, Spain is promising what might be the tightest fiscal squeeze that it or any other European economy has ever faced. The new plan calls for the budget deficit to fall from 8.5 percent of gross domestic product to 5.3 percent this year. Since the economy is already shrinking, this requires a discretionary fiscal tightening of roughly 4 percent of GDP -- with the unemployment rate already standing at about 23 percent.

Lost Ground

Spain overshot its previous too-demanding fiscal targets, and is being told to make up lost ground. It missed its budget goal because regional governments, over which Madrid has limited control, failed to do their part, while economic growth came in lower than expected. This is all too likely to happen again. Excessive austerity stamps on growth, which causes public borrowing to rise despite the government’s efforts. The government’s new plans are simply not credible: The more it succeeds in cutting public spending, the worse the outlook for growth and hence for public debt.
Spain’s overall unemployment rate is terrible enough, but the youth unemployment rate is an amazing 50 percent. Recession isn’t the only cause. The country’s labor market, divided by Franco-era rules between an absurdly protected sector for long- term employees and a lightly regulated sector for those on temporary contracts, has long been seen as one of the most dysfunctional in the developed world. The government’s efforts to reform it are necessary and long overdue -- but it’s hard to win support for reforms that will cause further labor-market disruption at a time like this. The new center-right government, in office barely three months, is facing strikes and just lost a regional election it expected to win. As well as losing the confidence of the markets, it may already be losing the confidence of voters.
The Greek economy is tiny, but Spain’s is the fourth largest in the euro area. If it goes down it will take the EU’s still-puny defenses against such an eventuality down with it. The European Central Bank’s long-term liquidity operations, which have let banks borrow roughly 1 trillion euros on easy terms, have lately helped to stabilize financial conditions, but Spain’s worsening predicament shows this was a false dawn.
Spain cannot work through this crisis without more help from its EU partners. In their own larger interests they should allow a milder path of fiscal consolidation, and support Spanish growth along that path. That means steps to buoy EU-wide growth, including easier fiscal policy in Germany and easier monetary policy from the ECB. It means outright temporary fiscal transfers to Spain. Above all it means announcing that the ECB will act as lender of last resort to distressed euro-area governments.
Spain is being drawn into a vicious circle of economic, fiscal and political collapse. Even now, this is an avoidable danger, so long as the EU is willing to act. But if it stands aside too long and lets Spain fall into the trap, containing the damage will make dealing with Greece look like child’s play.
Read more opinion online from Bloomberg View.
Today’s highlights: The View editors on the real Mitt Romney and the Muslim Brotherhood’s political rise; Ezra Klein on worrying about the deficit; Caroline Baum on scapegoating oil companies; Jonathan Weil on Groupon’s IPO; Susan Antilla on the JOBS act; and Rowan Jacobsen on atrocities in Myanmar.end quote.

As the 4th largest European Economy if Spain Fails it could sink the European Union and the Euro.  Individual countries like Germany and France might be okay continuing the Euro without Spain and Greece. Or they might go back to their own original currencies. But, the real test for the survival of the Euro and the European Union likely will Be Spain, Portugal or Italy or all 3.

Unprecedented

Federal Judge Worried about Obama's statements

The Federal Judges Hissy fit as it is being called on CNN by Wolf Blitzer and others is interesting. Many are taking what Obama said on Monday as a challenge to the Legal community rather than to be informative to the American people. He has since more clearly defined what he was talking about.

But in regard to being unprecedented, it would be unprecedented for the Supreme Court to Strike down the Center Piece of legislation of any Presidency. They tried to do this to the New Deal of FDR and had to let the new deal happen in 1937 because of national outcry. So, likely what Obama is doing is a repeat of FDR's confrontation with the Supreme Court in the late 1930s.

However, there is one problem that I see about all this. Because Obamacare was voted in only by Democrats without any Republicans in the house this could be a problem. So, this partisanship on all levels including by the courts and even to the Supreme Court is obviously political ever since Bush was stuck in as President over Gore. Everyone knows how Bush was put in was completely arbitrary sort of like throwing a coin in the air at a football game to see who receives. So, there are democrats who have been seething ever since because of the harm they perceive done to the country by his presidency including two wars and the Great Recession.

So, it is important to add all this into the mix of partisanship nationwide to the point where I really don't think any of this is in the best interests of the survival of our democracy at this point either economically or politically or just looking at the survival ongoing of our way of life.

The present level of partisanship is endangering our American Way of life. If people don't get over themselves and stop bickering we might be endangered from within or from without with no one properly looking in the right directions for the dangers.

Later: I spent the last few hours thinking  "Why am I concerned like this?" I realized that the last time we had partisanship at this level nationally over FDRs "New Deal" in the 1930s it led to World War II.  And that is the problem. Partisanship when it gets more and more extreme like it has since the 1990s when Gingrich led the House of Representatives tends to create unco-operativeness between large groups of people. And this in-fighting of partisan groups between groups within any nation tends to make that nation vulnerable to other influences from within or without. However, once that influence is more clearly defined the nation joins together to fight together as in a war like World War II that defined the negative influences like it did against Hitler and Tojo in World War II and Eventually Stalin in the Cold War which lasted until the Early 1990s.

Planes I have piloted

•  All the following planes I have flown in at one time or another since 1956. I have piloted all the planes listed below. However, I have only taken off and landed the Grumman, Cessna 152s and Cessna 172s. But I have piloted in the air all these planes at one point or another. I have also piloted Gliders in the deserts of Southern California and have flown Hang gliders.
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• Grumman Cheetah Airplane
• Piper Tri-pacer 1956 airplane
• 1949 Stinson airplane

My Dad's best friend who owned an organic Grain Milling company in Southern California owned a Stinson that looked exactly like this one in the word button above. We flew to his 2nd house near Palm Springs over Lake Arrowhead to see the snow and landed at the Yucca Valley Airport

Yucca Valley Airport

 there near where his house is. My father eventually bought land within  mile of his friend's and he and I and other friends helped my father build his house on weekends from 1968 to 1980 when Dad and Mom retired.
When we flew back to Van Nuys Airport

Welcome to Van Nuys Airport Official Website

 we flew passed Palm Springs and up the Valley following Interstate 10 between San Jacinto Mountain and San Gorgonio Mountain which is over 11,000 feet high and San Jacinto is over 9000 feet high. We had to fight a heavy cross wind so I had to learn to "crab into the wind" so we wouldn't be blown into one of the mountains. So, I basically had to fly almost sideways to keep the plane moving forward and not flying into a mountain. I was only 12 and pretty surprised how hard I had to work on the peddles to keep the plane at the right angle during the gusts of wind. I also had to keep a constant altitude which was also hard. It was more like sailing a boat which I could also do by 12 on Super Sabots in Newport Harbor. But I had never imagined flying to be so much like sailing until that day in 1960.

• Cessna 152 
• Cessna 152 has had well over 8000 hits so people seem to like to learn about the fact that the Cessna 152 is usually the safest and easiest and least expensive plane to learn to fly in. Like the Cessna 172 which is the least likely to crash during a stall of any plane I know of if you let go of the yoke, the  152 also has exceedingly good handling characteristics for a plane with a novice pilot on board. The 172 and the 150 to 152 Cessnas are likely the most survivable for new pilots that I know of. But remember you can still do stupid things and be no more. This saying says it all, "There are old pilots and there are bold pilots but there are no Old Bold Pilots!"  Planes are not forgiving like cars tend to be!
•   The cockpit below is a Cessna 172 with an image of a 172 below that. I have also flown around Mt. Shasta in a Cessna 182. It is good to have more power at altitude so you aren't blown into mountains during extreme up and downdrafts around mountains. Otherwise it is better to keep your distance from mountains unless you are a real pro or a bush pilot or something like that.
•   Cessna 172

Grumman Cheetah Airplane

 Full-size image

The above image (click) is a Grumman Cheetah Airplane. This is basically identical to one that I flew out of Carlsbad Airport in the 1970s when I was getting flying instruction there at that time. I think the name of the airport has been changed since then.

County of San Diego: McClellan-Palomar Airport

Piper Tri-pacer 1956 airplane

This was the first plane my Dad let me fly in Santa Fe, New Mexico when I was 8 years old in 1956. We rented the plane for an hour and the pilot gave me the controls when I was 8 after we took off. I was hooked on flying for life after that.

The following quote is from: 

http://www.cardcow.com/51970/1956-piper-tri-pacer-transportation-aircraft/

1956 Piper Tri-Pacer

Description:

1956 Piper Tri-Pacer. New, improved version of most popular low-cost business plane on the market today. Carries four people in quiet, luxurious cabin at over 130 mph cruising speed at 7000 feet. Powered with 150 horsepower Lycoming engine. Tri-cycle landing gear and simplified controls add to flying ease. Manufactured by Piper Aircraft Corp., Lock Haven, Penna.

1949 Stinson airplane

Gas Prices down 6 cents a Gallon here

When I went to fill up here in on the Northern California Coast I was surprised that gas prices had dropped about 6 cents a gallon at two stations. Though I don't know the reason for this I was glad to see it. The price went from $4.27 a gallon at one station to $4.21. At another station nearby the price had gone from $4.33 to $4.27 a gallon. Both stations were the prices for Regular Gasoline.