When you look at the White House you realize no one knows more about anything in the White House than Hope Hicks and her assistant (both who just quit) so you get the feeling that everything is beginning to unravel. Then you see Kushner and his wife losing their security clearances because of mixing business and governmental dealings ongoing. So, is Hope Hicks going to jail or turning states evidence like Gates and others?
This is hard to say but someone who tells the Congress she is telling "White Lies" to or from the President is skating on pretty thin ice right now as far as Congress and Mueller are concerned and the Department of Justice. Let's hope she quit the sinking ship soon enough to save herself and her future.
We all know Trump's not going to jail because the presidency needs to be protected. However, Trump is going to be pretty sad if his daughter and her husband and Hope Hicks wind up in Jail for any length of time. Besides Kushner's Dad is already in jail for other things.
To the best of my ability I write about my experience of the Universe Past, Present and Future
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Wednesday, February 28, 2018
Isla del Pescado on the Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia: picture with Saguaro Cactus there
What's interesting to me here is I had no idea suguaro Cactus lived in Bolivia. I have seen them a lot in Arizona while traveling through there since the 1950s with my parents but had no idea they lived in Bolivia too!
Also the G is prounounced W for some reason so it is pronounced Sue War O or Sue W R O
Also the G is prounounced W for some reason so it is pronounced Sue War O or Sue W R O
Saguaro - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saguaro
The saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea) is an arborescent (tree-like) cactus
species in the monotypic genus Carnegiea, which can grow to be over 40
feet (12 m) tall. It is native to the Sonoran Desert in Arizona, the
Mexican State of Sonora, and the Whipple Mountains and Imperial County
areas of California. The saguaro ...
The saguaro (/səˈwɑːroʊ/, Spanish pronunciation: [saˈɣwaɾo]) (Carnegiea gigantea) is an arborescent (tree-like) cactus species in the monotypic genus Carnegiea, which can grow to be over 40 feet (12 m) tall. It is native to the Sonoran Desert in Arizona, the Mexican State of Sonora, and the Whipple Mountains and Imperial County areas of California. The saguaro blossom is the state wildflower of Arizona. Its scientific name is given in honor of Andrew Carnegie. In 1994, Saguaro National Park, near Tucson, Arizona, was designated to help protect this species and its habitat.
The image of the saguaro is indelibly linked with that of the American Southwest, especially in western films. The common name saguaro came into the English language through the Spanish language, originating in the Mayo language.
Saguaros have a relatively long lifespan, often exceeding 150 years.
They may grow their first side arm any time from 75–100 years of age,
but some never grow any arms. A saguaro without arms is called a spear. Arms are developed to increase the plant's reproductive capacity, as more apices lead to more flowers and fruit.
The growth rate of saguaros is strongly dependent on precipitation; saguaros in drier western Arizona grow only half as fast as those in and around Tucson. Saguaros grow slowly from seed, never from cuttings, and grow to be over 40 feet (12.2 metres) in height.[3] The largest known living saguaro is the Champion Saguaro growing in Maricopa County, Arizona, measuring 45.3 feet (13.8 metres) high with a girth of 10 feet (3.1 metres). The tallest saguaro ever measured was an armless specimen found near Cave Creek, Arizona. It was 78 feet (23.8 metres) in height before it was toppled in 1986 by a windstorm.[4]
A saguaro is able to absorb and store considerable amounts of rainwater, visibly expanding in the process, while slowly using the stored water as needed. This characteristic enables the saguaro to survive during periods of drought.
Flowers appear in April through June. They are white and open well
after sunset and close in mid-afternoon. They continue to produce nectar
after sunrise.[8] Flowers are self-incompatible,
thus require cross-pollination. Large quantities of pollen are required
for complete pollination because many ovules are present. This pollen
is produced by the extremely numerous stamens which in one case totaled
3,482 in a single flower.[9]
A well-pollinated fruit contains several thousand tiny seeds. Saguaros
have a redundant pollination system, i.e. full fruit set is possible
even if only a fraction of the pollinating species are present.
Main pollinators are honey bees, bats, and white-winged doves. In most years, diurnal visitors are the main contributors for fruit, most of them honey bees. Other diurnal pollinators are birds such as Costa's hummingbird, the black-chinned hummingbird, the broad-billed hummingbird, the hooded oriole, Scott's oriole, the Gila woodpecker, the gilded flicker, the verdin, and the house finch.[10]
The main nocturnal pollinator is the lesser long-nosed bat, feeding on the nectar. A number of floral characteristics are geared toward bat pollination: nocturnal opening of the flowers, nocturnal maturation of pollen, very rich nectar, position high above ground, durable blooms that can withstand a bat's weight, and fragrance emitted at night. Further, the amino acids in the pollen appear to help sustain lactation in bats.
The ruby red fruits are 2.4 to 3.5 inches (6 to 9 cm) long and ripen
in June. Each fruit contains around 2,000 seeds plus sweet fleshy
connective tissue. The fruits are edible and prized by local people.
The fruits cannot be picked by hand, but must be harvested using a pole (often a saguaro rib) 7 to 16 feet (2 to 5 m) long, to the end of which is attached another pole.
The O'odham tribes have a long history of saguaro fruit use.[11] The Tohono O’odham tribes celebrate the beginning of their summer growing season with a ceremony using a fermented drink made from the bright red fruit to summon rains, vital for the crops.
Native birds such as Gila woodpeckers, purple martins, house finches, and gilded flickers live inside holes in saguaros. Flickers excavate larger holes higher on the stem.[12]
The nest cavity is deep, and the parents and young are entirely hidden
from view. The saguaro creates callus tissue on the wound. When the
saguaro dies and its soft flesh rots, the callus remains as a so-called "saguaro boot", which was used by natives for storage.
The Gila woodpeckers (Melanerpes uropygialis) create new nest holes each season rather than reuse the old ones, leaving convenient nest holes for other animals, such as elf owls, flycatchers, and wrens.[13] In recent years, early-breeding, aggressive, non-native birds have taken over the nests to the detriment of elf owls that breed and nest later.
Contrary to published statements,[17] there is no law mandating prison sentences of 25 years for cutting a cactus down; however it is considered a class four felony.[18]
Saguaro
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the cactus. For the Palm OS software, see Saguaro (Palm OS). For the baseball team, see Surprise Saguaros.
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
|
Saguaro | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Caryophyllales |
Family: | Cactaceae |
Subfamily: | Cactoideae |
Tribe: | Echinocereeae |
Genus: | Carnegiea Britton & Rose |
Species: | C. gigantea |
Binomial name | |
Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton & Rose |
|
Natural range of Carnegiea gigantea | |
Synonyms[2] | |
|
The image of the saguaro is indelibly linked with that of the American Southwest, especially in western films. The common name saguaro came into the English language through the Spanish language, originating in the Mayo language.
Contents
Growth
The growth rate of saguaros is strongly dependent on precipitation; saguaros in drier western Arizona grow only half as fast as those in and around Tucson. Saguaros grow slowly from seed, never from cuttings, and grow to be over 40 feet (12.2 metres) in height.[3] The largest known living saguaro is the Champion Saguaro growing in Maricopa County, Arizona, measuring 45.3 feet (13.8 metres) high with a girth of 10 feet (3.1 metres). The tallest saguaro ever measured was an armless specimen found near Cave Creek, Arizona. It was 78 feet (23.8 metres) in height before it was toppled in 1986 by a windstorm.[4]
A saguaro is able to absorb and store considerable amounts of rainwater, visibly expanding in the process, while slowly using the stored water as needed. This characteristic enables the saguaro to survive during periods of drought.
Genome
The saguaro genome is around 1 billion base pairs long.[5] Sequencing has revealed that the genome of the saguaro's chloroplast is the smallest known among non-parasitic flowering plants.[6]Spines
The spines on a saguaro, less than two meters in height, rapidly grow up to a millimeter per day. When held up to the light or bisected, alternating light and dark bands transverse to the long axis of spines can be seen. These transverse bands have been correlated to daily growth. In columnar cacti, spines almost always grow in areoles which originate at the apex of the plant. A spine stops growing in its first season. Areoles are moved to the side and the apex continues to grow upwards. Thus, older spines are towards the base of a columnar cactus and newer spines are near the apex. Studies are underway to examine the relationship of carbon and oxygen isotope ratios in the tissues of spines of an individual to its climate and photosynthetic history (acanthochronology).[7]Flowers
Main pollinators are honey bees, bats, and white-winged doves. In most years, diurnal visitors are the main contributors for fruit, most of them honey bees. Other diurnal pollinators are birds such as Costa's hummingbird, the black-chinned hummingbird, the broad-billed hummingbird, the hooded oriole, Scott's oriole, the Gila woodpecker, the gilded flicker, the verdin, and the house finch.[10]
The main nocturnal pollinator is the lesser long-nosed bat, feeding on the nectar. A number of floral characteristics are geared toward bat pollination: nocturnal opening of the flowers, nocturnal maturation of pollen, very rich nectar, position high above ground, durable blooms that can withstand a bat's weight, and fragrance emitted at night. Further, the amino acids in the pollen appear to help sustain lactation in bats.
Fruit
The fruits cannot be picked by hand, but must be harvested using a pole (often a saguaro rib) 7 to 16 feet (2 to 5 m) long, to the end of which is attached another pole.
The O'odham tribes have a long history of saguaro fruit use.[11] The Tohono O’odham tribes celebrate the beginning of their summer growing season with a ceremony using a fermented drink made from the bright red fruit to summon rains, vital for the crops.
Nests
The Gila woodpeckers (Melanerpes uropygialis) create new nest holes each season rather than reuse the old ones, leaving convenient nest holes for other animals, such as elf owls, flycatchers, and wrens.[13] In recent years, early-breeding, aggressive, non-native birds have taken over the nests to the detriment of elf owls that breed and nest later.
Laws
Harming a saguaro in any manner, including cactus plugging, is illegal by state law in Arizona, and when houses or highways are built, special permits must be obtained to move or destroy any saguaro affected.[14] Exceptions to this general understanding exist; for example, a private landowner whose property is 10 acres (4.0 ha) or less, where the initial construction has already occurred, may remove a saguaro from the property.[15] This is common when the cactus falls over in a storm, its location interferes with a house addition, or it becomes a potential hazard to humans.[16]Contrary to published statements,[17] there is no law mandating prison sentences of 25 years for cutting a cactus down; however it is considered a class four felony.[18]
Ethnobotany
- The saguaro is an important source of food and shelter for the Tohono O’odham. Saguaro spines are sometimes used as sewing needles and the ribs are used to make harvesting tools.
- The ribs of the saguaro were used for construction and other purposes by Native Americans. A fine example can be seen in the roofing of the cloisters of the Mission San Xavier del Bac on the Tohono O'odham lands near Tucson.
- The Seri people of northwestern Mexico used the plant, which they call mojépe, for a number of purposes.
Location
The saguaro is often used as an emblem in commercials and logos that attempt to convey a sense of the Southwest, even if the product has no connection to Arizona or the Sonoran Desert. For instance, no naturally occurring saguaros are found within 250 miles (400 km) of El Paso, Texas, but the silhouette is found on the label of Old El Paso brand products.[19][20] Though the geographic anomaly has lessened in recent years, Western films once enthusiastically placed saguaros in Monument Valley of Arizona, as well as New Mexico, Utah, and Texas. The Dallas, Texas-based band, Reverend Horton Heat, pokes fun at this phenomenon in their song "Ain't no Saguaro in Texas".[21] No wild saguaros are found anywhere in New Mexico, Texas, Colorado, Utah, or Nevada, nor in the high deserts of northern Arizona.[20]Saguaro gallery
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Needles of a saguaro, Paradise Valley, Arizona
-
Saguaro flowers, Scottsdale, Arizona
-
Unusually-formed crested or cristate saguaro near Kino Bay, Sonora
Isla del Pescado on the Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia
Isla del Pescado is one of many ‘islands’ on the high Andean salt flat called Salar de Uyuni. This unusual landscape in Bolivia draws in many curious visitors who explore the plain’s 4,086 square miles. Isla del Pescado translates from Spanish to English as the Island of Fish, a reference to the isle’s appearance on the horizon when viewed from a distance. If the thick crust of salt on the Salar seems familiar, it may be because you’ve seen it recently on the big screen: Salar de Uyuni appeared as the planet Crait in the climax of the recent ‘Star Wars’ installment, ‘The Last Jedi.’ShareTweetSalar de Uyuni - Wikipedia
Salar de Uyuni Facts & Information, Bolivia - When to ...
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