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- Yekaterinburg (Russian: Екатеринбу́рг; IPA: [jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk]), alternatively romanized as Ekaterinburg, is the fourth-largest city in Russia and ...
Yekaterinburg
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about a major city in Russia. For the ballistic missile submarine, see Russian submarine K-84 Ekaterinburg.
Yekaterinburg (English) Екатеринбург (Russian) |
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- City[1] - | |
Views of Yekaterinburg |
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Location of Sverdlovsk Oblast in Russia |
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City Day | 3rd Saturday of August[citation needed] |
Administrative status (as of 2011) | |
Country | Russia |
Federal subject | Sverdlovsk Oblast[1] |
Administratively subordinated to | City of Yekaterinburg[2] |
Administrative center of | Sverdlovsk Oblast,[1] City of Yekaterinburg[citation needed] |
Municipal status (as of June 2009) | |
Urban okrug | Yekaterinburg Urban Okrug[3] |
Administrative center of | Yekaterinburg Urban Okrug[3] |
Head[4] | Yevgeny Roizman[4] |
Representative body | City Duma[5] |
Statistics | |
Area | 495 km2 (191 sq mi)[6] |
Population (2010 Census) | 1,349,772 inhabitants[7] |
- Rank in 2010 | 4th |
Population (2015 est.) | 1,428,042 inhabitants[8] |
Density | 2,727/km2 (7,060/sq mi)[9] |
Time zone | YEKT (UTC+05:00)[10] |
Founded | November 18, 1723[11] |
City status since | 1796[citation needed] |
Previous names | Yekaterinburg (until 1924),[12] Sverdlovsk (until 1991)[12] |
Postal code(s)[13] | 620000 |
Dialing code(s) | +7 343[13] |
Yekaterinburg on Wikimedia Commons |
Yekaterinburg is the main industrial and cultural center of the Ural Federal District. Between 1924 and 1991, the city was named Sverdlovsk (Свердло́вск) after the Communist party leader Yakov Sverdlov.
Contents
History
See also: Timeline of Yekaterinburg
Imperial Russia
Vasily Tatishchev and Georg Wilhelm de Gennin founded Yekaterinburg in 1723 and named it after the wife of Tsar Peter the Great, Yekaterina, who later became empress regnant Catherine I.[11] The official date of the city's foundation is November 18, 1723.[11] It was granted town status in 1796.[citation needed]The Tsar's family
Following the October Revolution, the family of deposed Tsar Nicholas II were sent to internal exile in Yekaterinburg where they were imprisoned in the Ipatiev House in the city. In the early hours of the morning of July 17, 1918, the deposed Tsar, his wife Alexandra, and their children Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Tsarevich Alexei were executed by the Bolsheviks at the Ipatiev House. Other members of the Romanov family were killed at Alapayevsk later the same day. On July 16, 1918, the Czechoslovak legions were closing on Yekaterinburg. The Bolsheviks executed the deposed imperial family, believing that the Czechoslovaks were on a mission to rescue them. The Legions arrived less than a week later and captured the city.In 1977, the Ipatiev House was demolished by order of Boris Yeltsin, to prevent it from being used as a rallying location for monarchists. Yeltsin later became the first President of Russia and represented the people at the funeral of the former Tsar in 1998.[16]
1930s and World War II
During the 1930s, Yekaterinburg was one of several places developed by the Soviet government as a center of heavy industry, during which time the famous Uralmash was built. Then, during World War II, many state technical institutions and whole factories were relocated to Yekaterinburg away from cities affected by war (mostly Moscow), with many of them staying in Yekaterinburg after the victory. The Hermitage Museum collections were also partly evacuated from Leningrad to Yekaterinburg (known as Sverdlovsk during Soviet times) in July 1941 and remained there until October 1945.[citation needed]1960s
The lookalike five-story apartment blocks that remain today in Kirovsky, Chkalovsky, and other residential areas of Yekaterinburg sprang up in the 1960s, under the direction of Khrushchev's government.On May 1, 1960, an American U-2 spy plane, piloted by Francis Gary Powers while under the employ of the CIA, was shot down over Sverdlovsk Oblast. He was captured, put on trial, found guilty of espionage and sentenced to seven years of hard labour. He served only about a year before being exchanged for Rudolph Abel, a high-ranking KGB spy, who had been apprehended in the United States in 1957.
Anthrax outbreak
There was an anthrax outbreak in Yekaterinburg (then called Sverdlovsk) in April and May 1979, which was attributed to a release from the Sverdlovsk-19 military facility.[19]1991 coup
During the 1991 coup d'état attempt, Sverdlovsk, the home city of President Boris Yeltsin, was selected by him as a reserve capital for the Russian Federation, in the event that Moscow became too dangerous for the Russian government. A reserve cabinet headed by Oleg Lobov was sent to the city, where Yeltsin enjoyed strong popular support at that time.[20] Shortly after the failure of the coup and subsequent dissolution of the Soviet Union, the city regained its historical name of Yekaterinburg on 4 September 1991. However, Sverdlovsk Oblast, of which Yekaterinburg is the administrative center, kept its name.Administrative and municipal status
Yekaterinburg is the administrative center of the oblast.[1] Within the framework of the administrative divisions, it is, together with twenty-nine rural localities, incorporated as the City of Yekaterinburg[2]—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the City of Yekaterinburg is incorporated as Yekaterinburg Urban Okrug.[3]Geography and climate
[hide]Climate data for Yekaterinburg | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 5.6 (42.1) |
9.4 (48.9) |
17.3 (63.1) |
28.8 (83.8) |
33.4 (92.1) |
35.6 (96.1) |
38.8 (101.8) |
37.2 (99) |
31.9 (89.4) |
24.7 (76.5) |
13.5 (56.3) |
5.9 (42.6) |
38.8 (101.8) |
Average high °C (°F) | −9.1 (15.6) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
1.0 (33.8) |
9.8 (49.6) |
17.4 (63.3) |
23.0 (73.4) |
24.4 (75.9) |
21.1 (70) |
14.5 (58.1) |
6.8 (44.2) |
−2.8 (27) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
7.6 (45.7) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −12.6 (9.3) |
−11.1 (12) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
4.3 (39.7) |
11.3 (52.3) |
17.1 (62.8) |
19.0 (66.2) |
15.9 (60.6) |
9.8 (49.6) |
3.4 (38.1) |
−5.8 (21.6) |
−11.0 (12.2) |
3.0 (37.4) |
Average low °C (°F) | −15.7 (3.7) |
−14.5 (5.9) |
−7.6 (18.3) |
0.0 (32) |
6.2 (43.2) |
12.1 (53.8) |
14.4 (57.9) |
11.9 (53.4) |
6.4 (43.5) |
0.7 (33.3) |
−8.3 (17.1) |
−13.7 (7.3) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
Record low °C (°F) | −44.6 (−48.3) |
−42.4 (−44.3) |
−39.2 (−38.6) |
−21.8 (−7.2) |
−13.5 (7.7) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
1.5 (34.7) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
−9.0 (15.8) |
−22.7 (−8.9) |
−39.2 (−38.6) |
−46.7 (−52.1) |
−46.7 (−52.1) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 27 (1.06) |
20 (0.79) |
21 (0.83) |
28 (1.1) |
50 (1.97) |
75 (2.95) |
90 (3.54) |
73 (2.87) |
58 (2.28) |
39 (1.54) |
33 (1.3) |
27 (1.06) |
541 (21.3) |
Average rainy days | 1 | 1 | 5 | 13 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 22 | 22 | 17 | 6 | 1 | 147 |
Average snowy days | 26 | 23 | 18 | 10 | 4 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 23 | 25 | 144 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 79 | 75 | 68 | 60 | 58 | 63 | 68 | 73 | 75 | 75 | 78 | 79 | 71 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 47 | 94 | 164 | 206 | 256 | 272 | 269 | 217 | 143 | 78 | 51 | 37 | 1,834 |
Source #1: Pogoda.ru.net[21] | |||||||||||||
Source #2: NOAA (sun 1961–1990)[22] |
Demographics
1724 | 1781 | 1820 | 1861 | 1917 | 1926 | 1939 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4,000 | 7,969 | 13,026 | 19,832 | 71,590 | 134,800 | 423,000 |
1959 | 1970 | 1979 | 1989 | 2002 | 2010 | |
778,600 | 1,025,000 | 1,211,200 | 1,364,621[23] | 1,293,537[24] | 1,349,772[7] |
Economy
Recently the commercial economy has improved, and business centers like Yekaterinburg-City have been planned. The "Vysotsky" is the tallest skyscraper in Russia outside of Moscow.
Ural Airlines has its head office in Yekaterinburg.[25]
Transportation
As the economy grew stronger after the recession of the 1990s, several European airlines started or resumed flying to the city's Koltsovo International Airport (SVX). These include Czech Airlines, Turkish Airlines, and Finnair.
The city's public transit network includes many tram, bus, trolleybus, Marshrutka routes and Yekaterinburg Metro which opened in 1991. Today, the Yekaterinburg Metro consists of one line, with a total of nine stations.
Education
Culture
Yekaterinburg is home to numerous theatres and theatre companies: the Yekaterinburg State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre, the Sverdlovsk Academic Theater of Musical Comedy, the Yekaterinburg Academic Dramatic Theater, the Yekaterinburg Theater for Young Spectators, the Volkhonka (a popular chamber theatre), and the Kolyada Theater (a chamber theatre founded by Russian playwright, producer and actor Nikolai Kolyada). Yekaterinburg is the center of New Drama, a movement of contemporary Russian playwrights Nikolai Kolyada, Vasily Sigarev, Konstantin Kostenko, the Presnyakov brothers, and Oleg Bogayev. Yekaterinburg is often called the capital of contemporary dance for a number of dance companies residing in the city: the Kipling, the Provincial Dances, the Tantstrest, and a special department of contemporary dance at the Yekaterinburg University of Humanities.
There are over thirty museums in Yekaterinburg, including several museums of Ural minerals and jewelry, art galleries, one of the largest collections anywhere of Kasli mouldings (a traditional kind of cast-iron sculpture in the Urals), and the Shigirskaya Kladovaya (Шигирская кладовая), or Shigir Collection, which includes the oldest wood sculpture in the world: the Shigir Idol, found near Nevyansk and estimated to have been made about 9,500 years ago. Only here can you see a collection of Nevyansk icons, in the Nevyansk Icon Museum, with more than 300 icons representing the 18th through the 20th centuries on display.
In 2014, the city showcased its education, literary, art and theater culture through the Russian Year of Culture Program.[26]
Yekaterinburg also has a circus building, and one of the tallest incomplete architectural structures in the world, the Yekaterinburg TV Tower. There are also a number of unusual monuments: e. g. a popular landmark Keyboard monument and a monument to Michael Jackson.[27]
According to Yekaterinburg News, the city has signed a cooperative agreement with the Russian mobile operator Vimpelcom, working under the Beeline brand. The partnership will involve cooperation on investment projects and social programs focused on increasing access to mobile services in the city. Beeline has launched an initiative to provide Wi-Fi services in 500 public trams and trolley buses in Yekaterinburg.[28]
Sports
Club | Sport | Founded | Current League | League Rank |
Stadium |
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Ural Sverdlovsk Oblast | Association Football | 1930 | Russian Premier League | 1st | Central Stadium |
Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg | Ice Hockey | 2006 | Kontinental Hockey League | 1st | KRK Uralets |
Avto Yekaterinburg | Ice Hockey | 2009 | Minor Hockey League | Jr. 1st | KRK Uralets |
Spartak-Merkury | Ice Hockey | 1992 | Women's Hockey Championship | 1st | Sports Palace Snezhinka |
SKA-Sverdlovsk | Bandy | 1935 | Russian Bandy Supreme League | 2nd | NTZ stadium |
Ural Yekaterinburg | Basketball | 2006 | Russian Basketball Super League | 2nd | Palace of Team Sports |
UGMK Yekaterinburg | Basketball | 1938 | Women's Basketball Premier League | 1st | Palace of Team Sports |
Lokomotiv-Izumrud Yekaterinburg | Volleyball | 1945 | Volleyball Supreme League A | 2nd | Palace of Team Sports |
Uralochka Yekaterinburg | Volleyball | 1966 | Women's Volleyball Superleague | 1st | Palace of Team Sports |
Sinara Yekaterinburg | Futsal | 1992 | Futsal Super League | 1st | Palace of Team Sports |
International relations
Consulates
The United States,[29] United Kingdom,[30] Germany,[31] France,[32] China[33] and several other countries have consulates in Yekaterinburg.BRIC Summit
The BRIC countries met for their first official summit on June 16, 2009, in Yekaterinburg,[34] with Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Dmitry Medvedev, Manmohan Singh, and Hu Jintao, the respective leaders of Brazil, Russia, India and China, all attending.The foreign ministers of the BRIC countries had also met in Yekaterinburg previously on May 16, 2008.
World Expo
In June 2013, at the 153rd General Assembly of the Bureau of International Expositions held in Paris, representatives from Yekaterinburg presented the city’s bid to host the 2020 World Expo. Yekaterinburg’s concept for the upcoming exhibition relates to the impact of globalization on the modern world.Russian President Vladimir Putin confirmed during a televised statement in English to earmark the required funds to build an exhibition complex large enough to receive the estimated 30 million visitors from more than 150 countries.[35]
Twin towns and sister cities
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Notable people
Main category: People from Yekaterinburg
- Irina Antonenko, Miss Russia 2010
- Vera Bazarova, pairs figure skater
- Pavel Bazhov, folklorist and children's author
- Old Man Bukashkin, artist and poet
- Pavel Datsyuk, ice hockey player
- Chiang Fang-liang, former first lady of Taiwan
- Denis Galimzyanov, sprinter cyclist
- Anna Gavrilenko, Group rhythmic gymnast Olympic Gold medalist
- Nikolay Karpol, national women volleyball team coach
- Nikolai Khabibulin, ice hockey player
- Alexei Yashin, ice hockey player
- Alexei Khvostenko, avant-garde poet, singer-songwriter, artist, and sculptor
- Ilya Kormiltsev, poet, translator, publisher
- Olga Kotlyarova, Olympic runner
- Maxim Kovtun, figure skater
- Vladislav Krapivin, children's author
- Valeria Savinykh, WTA Professional player
- Nikolay Krasovsky, mathematician
- Yulia Lipnitskaya, figure skater
- Iskander Makhmudov, businessman
- Vladimir Malakhov, ice hockey player
- Gennady Mesyats, vice-president of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Maxim Miroshkin, pairs figure skater
- Alfia Nazmutdinova, rhythmic gymnast
- Ernst Neizvestny, sculptor
- Oleg Platonov, writer, historian, and economist
- Eduard Rossel, ex-governor of Sverdlovsk Oblast
- Boris Ryzhy, poet
- Vera Sessina, rhythmic gymnast
- Georgy Shishkin, painter
- Vassily Sigarev, playwright
- Sergei Tchepikov, Olympic biathlon competitor
- Vladimir Tretyakov, ex-rector of the Ural State University
- Lev Vainshtein, Olympic shooter
- Sergei Vonsovsky, physicist
Other
- A ballistic missile submarine of the Project 667BDRM Delfin class (NATO reporting name: Delta IV) is named Ekaterinburg (K-84/"807") in honor of the city.
- The asteroid 27736 Ekaterinburg was named in the city's honor on June 1, 2007.
References
Notes
- "2012 Membership Directory SCI" (PDF). Retrieved 3 May 2015.
Sources
- Екатеринбургская городская Дума. Решение №8/1 от 30 июня 2005 г. «О принятии Устава муниципального образования "Город Екатеринбург"», в ред. Решения №1/27 от 27 января 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Устав муниципального образования "Город Екатеринбург"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Вестник Екатеринбургской городской Думы", №95, 15 июля 2005 г. (Yekaterinburg City Duma. Decision #8/1 of June 30, 2005 On the Adoption of the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the "City of Yekaterinburg", as amended by the Decision #1/27 of January 27, 2015 On Amending the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the "City of Yekaterinburg". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- Областная Дума Законодательного Собрания Свердловской области. Областной закон №30-ОЗ от 20 мая 1997 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Свердловской области», в ред. Закона №32-ОЗ от 25 апреля 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в Областной закон "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Свердловской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования за исключением отдельных положений, вступающих в силу в иные сроки. Опубликован: "Областная газета", №81, 3 июня 1997 г. (Oblast Duma of the Legislative Assembly of Sverdlovsk Oblast. Oblast Law #30-OZ of May 20, 1997 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Sverdlovsk Oblast, as amended by the Law #32-OZ of April 25, 2012 On Amending the Oblast Law "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Sverdlovsk Oblast". Effective as of the day of the official publication with the exception of several clauses which take effect on a different date.).
- Областная Дума Законодательного Собрания Свердловской области. Закон №85-ОЗ от 12 июля 2007 г. «О границах муниципальных образований, расположенных на территории Свердловской области», в ред. Закона №107-ОЗ от 29 октября 2013 г. «Об упразднении отдельных населённых пунктов, расположенных на территории города Ивделя, и о внесении изменений в Приложение 39 к Закону Свердловской области "О границах муниципальных образований, расположенных на территории Свердловской области"». Вступил в силу через 10 дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Областная газета", №232–249, 17 июля 2007 г. (Oblast Duma of the Legislative Assembly of Sverdlovsk Oblast. Law #85-OZ of July 12, 2007 On the Borders of the Municipal Formations on the Territory of Sverdlovsk Oblast, as amended by the Law #107-OZ of October 29, 2013 On Abolishing Several Inhabited Localities on the Territory of the Town of Ivdul and on Amending the Law of Sverdlovsk Oblast "On the Borders of the Municipal Formations on the Territory of Sverdlovsk Oblast". Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the official publication.).
External links
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Yekaterinburg. |
- Official website of Yekaterinburg (Russian)
- Website in English about Yekaterinburg & the Ural region
- Panoramic views of Yekaterinburg
- YekaterinburgNews, online newspaper of Yekaterinburg
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