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I remember seeing footage of submarines doing this in either the 1950s or 1960s where the actually surfaced (through the ice) if it wasn't too thick. The ice (If it didn't damage the submarine when surfacing likely could protect the submarine from storms and wind as long as it didn't also crush the submarine during unfavorable weather and freezing. (Salt water freezes at a much lower temperature than does fresh water by the way).

wonderopolis.org

At least 15 percent of the ocean is covered by sea ice some part of the year. Ocean water freezes just like freshwater, but at lower temperatures. Fresh water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit but seawater freezes at about 28.4 degrees Fahrenheit , because of the salt in it.Aug 1, 2018

Can the ocean freeze? - NOAA's National Ocean Service

https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/oceanfreeze.html