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Solar wind
speed: 552.0
km/sec
density: 6.7
protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1610
UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: A6
1552
UT
Jul22
24-hr:
A6
1552
UT
Jul22
explanation
| more
data
Updated: Today at: 1600
UT
Daily Sun: 22 Jul 17
The sun is blank--no sunspots. Credit: SDO/HMI
Sunspot number:
0
What
is the sunspot number?
Updated 22 Jul 2017
Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 4 days
2017 total: 48 days (25%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1 br="">
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1 br="">
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)1>1>
Updated 22 Jul 2017
The Radio
Sun
10.7 cm flux: 69 sfu
explanation
| more
data
Updated 22 Jul 2017
Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New
Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp=
2 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 5 storm
explanation | more
data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 6.8
nT
Bz: -0.2
nT south
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1610
UT
Coronal Holes: 22 Jul 17
Earth is inside a stream of solar wind flowing from the indicated coronal hole. Credit: NASA/SDO.
Noctilucent Clouds NASA's
AIM spacecraft, which monitors NLCs from space, recent moved into a new
orbit around Earth. Daily data are currently unavailable while the
spacecraft's pointing settles.
Switch view: Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar
Updated at: 02-24-2017 17:55:02
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts |
|
Updated at: 2017 Jul 21 2200 UTC
FLARE
|
0-24
hr
|
24-48
hr
|
CLASS M
|
01
%
|
01
%
|
CLASS X
|
01
%
|
01
%
|
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant
disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor
storm, severe
storm
Updated at: 2017 Jul 21 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
|
0-24
hr
|
24-48
hr
|
ACTIVE
|
25
%
|
10
%
|
MINOR
|
10
%
|
01
%
|
SEVERE
|
01
%
|
01
%
|
High latitudes
|
0-24
hr
|
24-48
hr
|
ACTIVE
|
15
%
|
15
%
|
MINOR
|
25
%
|
25
%
|
SEVERE
|
40
%
|
15
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lights Over lapland is excited to announce that Autumn Aurora Adventures
are available for immediate booking! Reserve your adventure of a
lifetime in Abisko National Park, Sweden today!
|
|
|
GEOMAGNETIC STORM: A minor ( G1-class)
geomagnetic storm occurred on July 22nd between 0900 and 1200 UT due
to the buffeting of Earth's magnetic field by a high-speed stream of
solar wind. NOAA forecasters say there is a 45% chance of more minor
storms today, dropping to 15% tomorrow as Earth exits the solar wind
stream. Free: Aurora Alerts
CME SWEEPS ASIDE COSMIC RAYS: On July 16th, a CME hit Earth's magnetic field, sparking two days of geomagnetic storms and beautiful southern auroras. The
solar storm cloud also swept aside some of the cosmic rays currently
surrounding Earth. Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky
Calculus launched a space weather balloon to the stratosphere hours
after the CME arrived. We detected a 7% decrease
in X-rays and gamma-rays (two tracers of secondary cosmic rays).
Neutron monitors in the Arctic and Antarctic recorded similar
decrements. For instance, these data from the Bartol Research
Institute show a nearly 8% drop in cosmic ray neutrons reaching the
South Pole:
This is called a "Forbush Decrease," named after physicist Scott E. Forbush
who first described it in the 20th century. Wherever CMEs go, cosmic
rays are deflected by magnetic fields inside the solar storm clouds. As a
result, when solar activity is high, cosmic radiation around Earth is
relatively low--a yin-yang relationship that holds throughout all
phases of the solar cycle.
Lately, cosmic rays around Earth have
been intensifying as the solar cycle plunges toward minimum. The CME
of July 16th reversed that trend--but only for a few days. Solar
activity has returned to low levels and cosmic rays are on the rise
again.
Why do we care about cosmic rays? For one thing, they penetrate commercial airlines,
dosing passengers and flight crews so much that pilots are
classified as occupational radiation workers. Some research shows
that cosmic rays can seed clouds and trigger lightning, potentially altering weather and climate. Furthermore, there are studies ( #1, #2, #3, #4) linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias in the general population.
SOLAR ECLIPSE SPACE PENDANTS: Would you like to support our Solar Eclipse Balloon Network? Here's
one way: Buy a space pendant. This solar eclipse-themed necklace flew
to the stratosphere on July 2, 2017, attached to the payload of an
Earth to Sky Calculus space weather balloon:
The payload contained more just like it. If you buy one now for $79.95,
we will fly it back to the stratosphere during the Great American
Solar Eclipse on August 21, 2017, where it will be enveloped by the
Moon's cool shadow above our launch site in Oregon. No additional
charge! Just make a note in the COMMENTS BOX of the shopping cart:
"Please fly my pendant into the eclipse!" Each pendant comes with a
greeting card showing the jewelry in flight and telling the story of its
journey to the stratosphere and back again.
More items from the edge of space may be found in the Earth to Sky Store. All proceeds support atmospheric radiation monitoring and hands-on STEM education.
MEANWHILE ON THE FAR SIDE OF THE SUN: Three
days ago, big sunspot AR2665 rotated off the solar disk, beginning a
two-week transit of the farside of the sun. AR2665 may no longer be
visible, but we know it's still active. On July 20th, a coronal mass
ejection (CME) billowed over the edge of the sun, signaling an explosion
in the sunspot's magnetic canopy:
This means another slice of the Solar System is having its cosmic rays
scooped up. A Forbush Decrease is underway in the wake of the CME.
Earth will not be affected this time, however, because the CME is moving
in a completely different direction. In the environment of our
planet, cosmic rays from deep space are once again penetrating without
the push-back of solar explosions.
Every night, a network
of NASA
all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United
States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software
maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office
calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth
in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics.
Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.
On Jul. 22, 2017, the network reported 14 fireballs.
(12 sporadics, 1 July Pegasid, 1 alpha Capricornid)
In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [ Larger image] [ movies]
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids ( PHAs)
are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that
can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the
known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet,
although astronomers are finding new
ones all the time.
On
July 22, 2017 there were 1803
potentially hazardous asteroids.
|
Recent
& Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid |
Date(UT)
|
Miss Distance
|
Velocity (km/s)
|
Diameter (m)
|
2007 MB4 |
2017-Jul-16
|
14.5 LD
|
9.6
|
107
|
2017 NS5 |
2017-Jul-17
|
13.4 LD
|
22.6
|
247
|
2017 NX5 |
2017-Jul-18
|
10.2 LD
|
13.4
|
51
|
2017 BS5 |
2017-Jul-23
|
3.1 LD
|
5.8
|
54
|
2011 CC22 |
2017-Aug-04
|
15.5 LD
|
18.4
|
186
|
2014 OA339 |
2017-Aug-13
|
12.3 LD
|
10
|
47
|
3122 |
2017-Sep-01
|
18.5 LD
|
13.5
|
5376
|
2014 RC |
2017-Sep-11
|
15.1 LD
|
8.9
|
16
|
Notes: LD means
"Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance
between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256
AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on
the date of closest approach.
|
Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere |
Readers, thank you for your
patience while we continue to develop this new section of
Spaceweather.com. We've been working to streamline our data reduction,
allowing us to post results from balloon flights much more rapidly, and
we have developed a new data product, shown here:
This plot displays
radiation measurements not only in the stratosphere, but also at
aviation altitudes. Dose rates are expessed as multiples of sea level.
For instance, we see that boarding a plane that flies at 25,000 feet
exposes passengers to dose rates ~10x higher than sea level. At 40,000
feet, the multiplier is closer to 50x. These measurements are made by
our usual cosmic ray payload as it passes through aviation altitudes en
route to the stratosphere over California.
What is this all about? Approximately once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus
fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These
balloons are equipped with radiation sensors that detect cosmic rays, a
surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. Cosmic rays can seed clouds, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. Furthermore, there are studies ( #1, #2, #3, #4)
linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death
in the general population. Our latest measurements show that cosmic
rays are intensifying, with an increase of more than 13% since 2015:
Why are cosmic rays
intensifying? The main reason is the sun. Solar storm clouds such as
coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays when they pass by
Earth. During Solar Maximum, CMEs are abundant and cosmic rays are held
at bay. Now, however, the solar cycle is swinging toward Solar Minimum,
allowing cosmic rays to return. Another reason could be the weakening of Earth's magnetic field, which helps protect us from deep-space radiation.
The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.
The data points in the graph above correspond to the peak of the Reneger-Pfotzer maximum,
which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic
rays crash into Earth's atmosphere,
they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at
the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Reneger and Georg
Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.
|
The
official U.S. government space weather bureau |
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The
first place to look for information about sundogs,
pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. |
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Researchers
call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO
is the most advanced solar observatory ever. |
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3D
views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial
Relations Observatory |
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Realtime
and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. |
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from
the NOAA Space Environment Center |
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a proud supporter of science education and Spaceweather.com |
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fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong. |
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from the NOAA Space Environment Center |
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the
underlying science of space weather |
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