Siri
Siri in use
|
Original author(s) | SRI International |
Developer(s) | Apple Inc. |
Initial release | October 4, 2011; 5 years ago |
Written in | Objective-C Swift |
Operating system | iOS, watchOS, tvOS, macOS |
Platform | iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch, Apple Watch, Apple TV, Mac |
Available in | Arabic,[1] Chinese, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Malay, Norwegian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Thai, Turkish |
Type | Intelligent personal assistant |
License | Proprietary |
Website | www.apple.com/ios/siri/ |
Siri (pronounced
) is a computer program that works as an
intelligent personal assistant and
knowledge navigator, part of
Apple Inc.'s
iOS,
watchOS,
macOS, and
tvOS operating systems. The feature uses a
natural language user interface to answer questions, make recommendations, and perform actions by delegating requests to a set of
Web services. The software, both in its original version and as an iOS feature, adapts to the user's individual language usage and individual searches (preferences) with continuing use, and returns results that are individualized. Siri was originally introduced as an iOS application available in the
App Store by
Siri Inc., which was acquired by Apple on April 28, 2010. Siri, Inc. had announced that their software would be available for
BlackBerryand for phones running
Android, but all development efforts for non-Apple platforms were cancelled after the acquisition by Apple.
[2] There are several accent and gender combinations for the voice of Siri.
Siri has been an integral part of iOS since
iOS 5[3] and was introduced as a feature of the
iPhone 4S on October 14, 2011.
[4] Dictation powered by Siri was added to the
third generation iPad with the release of iOS 5.1.1 in May 2012; full Siri support was added with iOS 6. Siri has been included on all mobile Apple hardware manufactured during or after October 2012.
[5][6]
Siri is also integrated into
Apple Watch's
watchOS, where the feature can be activated by holding down the Digital Crown or by saying "Hey, Siri." Siri is additionally integrated into
Apple TV's
tvOS, where the feature can be activated using a button on the included
Siri Remote.
Since 2014 Siri has been available in some cars via
CarPlay, a system that enables the
vehicle audio system to be a display and controller for an iPhone. It is available on all iPhones from
iPhone 5 with at least iOS 7.1.
On October 8, 2016,
Bloomberg reported that Apple was moving Siri, along with other Apple services, to a new system codenamed
Pie. Pie gives Apple more control over the system, thus enabling potentially faster and more reliable services.
[8]
iPhone application[edit]
Siri was first launched as an application available on Apple's App Store in the United States by Siri, Inc.
[9] It integrated with services such as
OpenTable,
[10] Google Maps,
[11] MovieTickets and TaxiMagic.
[12] Using voice recognition technology from
Nuance and their service partners, users could make reservations at specific restaurants, buy movie tickets or get a cab by dictating instructions in natural language to Siri.
[13] Siri was acquired by Apple on April 28, 2010, and the original application ceased to function on October 14, 2011.
[9]
A key feature both of the research and development behind the original Siri, Inc. application,
[14] and behind its function as an iOS application, is its artificial intelligence programming aimed to allow it to adapt to the user's individual language usage and individual searches (preferences) with continuing use, with return of results that are therefore individualized.
[15][16]
iOS integration[edit]
On October 4, 2011, Apple introduced the
iPhone 4S with their implementation of a beta version of Siri.
[17] The new version of Siri is integrated into iOS, and offers conversational interaction with many applications, including reminders, weather, stocks, messaging, email, calendar, contacts, notes, music, clocks, web browser,
Wolfram Alpha, and
Apple Maps.
[16] Currently, Siri supports English (United States, Canada, Australia, United Kingdom, Singapore), French (France, Switzerland), German (Germany, Austria, Switzerland), Japanese, Italian (Italy, Switzerland), Spanish (Mexico, Spain, United States), Mandarin (China, Taiwan), Korean, and Cantonese. On launch, Siri had limited functionality outside the United States and Canada. However, Apple, with the release of iOS 6, added the missing functionality to other countries.
[18][19] Siri also replaces 'Voice Control' on previous versions of iOS, which could only perform basic tasks such as play music, make calls and open apps.
After announcing that Siri is included with the iPhone 4S, Apple removed the existing Siri app (which ran on all iPhone models) from the App Store.
[20]
In October 2011, independent developers stated that they had ported Siri into the other
iOS devices.
[21][22] However, some news sites suggested that the videos posted by the developers as "proof" only show the
user interface of the Siri software, and not the voice commands, implying that developers have not been able to port the application with full functionality.
[23] However, new reports from January 2012 suggested that independent developers had succeeded in porting Siri to earlier
iPhonemodels, the
iPod Touch, and
iPad. i4Siri.com, a United States-based team, demonstrated Siri working as intended on the
iPhone 4, iPod Touch, and iPad, communicating without the Apple servers.
[24]
In later January 2012, independent developers successfully created and distributed a legal port of Siri to older devices via
Cydia.
[25] The port, however, requires authorization keys from another iPhone 4S, which can be exploited in the form of a
proxy server, or by transferring the Siri authorization file from an iPhone 4S.
[26] Due to this requirement, developers have bypassed Apple's Siri server completely by creating their own
backend using
APIs from services such as
Google and
Wolfram Alpha.
[27]
On June 11, 2012, at Apple's WWDC conference, Apple announced that Siri would be available on the
iPad (third generation) beginning in late 2012 with the release of
iOS 6. Also on June 11, 2012, at Apple's WWDC conference, Apple announced updates for Siri coming in iOS 6 (which launched in fall 2012.) These new features include: opening apps, telling sports scores and other sports related information, checking movie times, finding restaurants and also ordering reservations. Siri can also tell the height of sports players in iOS 6. It also brought some previously US only features, such as
Google Maps and
Yelp integration,
On June 13, 2013, Apple announced that Siri would have a gender option, meaning that one can choose if Siri will sound male or female, with the release of
iOS 7.
[30]
During its September 2015 event, Apple announced that Siri would respond to "Hey Siri" voice activation on an
iPhone 6Swhen the device is not being charged.
[31][32][33] Siri was also introduced for the new
Apple TV platform.
Research and development[edit]
Siri's primary technical areas focus on a Conversational Interface, Personal Context Awareness, and Service Delegation.
[36]
The original Siri application relied upon a number of partners, including:
- OpenTable, Gayot, CitySearch, BooRah, Yelp, Yahoo Local, Yandex, ReserveTravel, and Localeze for restaurant and business questions and actions;
- Eventful, StubHub, and LiveKick for events and concert information;
- MovieTickets, Rotten Tomatoes, and the New York Times for movie information and reviews;
- Bing Answers, Wolfram Alpha and Evi for factual question answering;[40]
- Bing, Yahoo, and Google for web search.
The notion of Siri was firmly planted at Apple 25 years ago—though “
Knowledge Navigator” video with the voice of the assistant was only a concept prototype.
[41]
The sources in Apple's implementation of Siri differ from the original iPhone application. It integrates with default iOS functionality, such as contacts, calendars and text messages. It also supports search from
Google,
Bing,
Yahoo,
Wolfram Alpha,
Apple Maps,
Yelp! and
Wikipedia.
Siri also contains numerous pre-programmed responses to conversational and amusing questions. These are designed to provide an entertainment factor and give Siri human-like qualities.
[42] Such answers include '42' in response to 'What is the meaning of life?', in reference to the
Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.
Voice actors[edit]
The original
British male voice,
Daniel, was voiced by
Jon Briggs, a former technology journalist. The voice was recorded for
Scansoft, which had merged with
Nuance Communications in October 2005, although involvement of Nuance with Siri was not confirmed until May 2013.
[45][46]
Reception[edit]
| This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(July 2016) |
Siri was met with critical acclaim for its ease of use and practicality, as well as its apparent "personality". However, issues did arise when Siri was used by consumers from areas with distinct accents.
Google's executive chairman and former chief,
Eric Schmidt, has conceded that Siri could pose a "competitive threat" to the company's core search business.
[50]
Siri has not been well received by some English speakers with distinctive accents, including
Scottish[53] and Americans from
Boston or the
South.
[54][55] Apple's Siri FAQ states that, "as more people use Siri and it's exposed to more variations of a language, its overall recognition of dialects and accents will continue to improve, and Siri will work even better."
[56]
In March 2012, Frank M. Fazio filed a class action lawsuit against Apple on behalf of the people who felt misled about the capabilities of Siri and failing to function as depicted in Apple's Siri commercials. Fazio filed the lawsuit in California and claimed that the iPhone 4S is merely a "more expensive iPhone" if Siri fails to function as advertised.
[57][58] On July 22, 2013 U.S. District Judge Claudia Wilken in San Francisco dismissed the suit but said the plaintiffs could amend at a later time. The reason given for dismissal was that plaintiffs did not sufficiently document enough misrepresentations by Apple for the trial to proceed.
[59]
In March 2012, the
American Civil Liberties Union expressed concern that Siri was sending a large amount of personal voice and user information to Apple, including the first name and nickname of the phone owner and his or her contacts, the owner's relationship with those contacts, personal labels assigned to email accounts, and the names of songs and playlists stored on the phone.
[60]
On October 30, 2012,
Google released a new Google Search app for
iOS, which featured an enhanced
Google Voice Search function and aimed to compete with Siri.
[61] Google's Voice Search was compared favorably to Siri, with some reviewers preferring it. An Apple fan blog side-by-side comparison said that Google's Voice Search on iOS is "amazingly quick and relevant, and has more depth [than Siri]".
[62]
Supported languages[edit]
International versions[edit]
According to sources from Brazilian site Techguru,
Nuance Communications has delivered the final version in Portuguese to
Apple. It also announced that the company would be making a deal with the bank
Bradesco to provide an application similar to Siri for voice support.
[64]
As of
iOS 6, Siri has functionality to find local businesses and other location services outside of the United States. In Siri's original release its functionality was limited in most countries, with maps and local search with help only being available within the United States.
In popular culture[edit]
- A subplot in "The Beta Test Initiation", the January 26, 2012 episode of the American TV series The Big Bang Theory depicted Raj Koothrapali developing a romantic relationship with the Siri interface on his new iPhone. The closing scene of the episode depicted a dream sequence in which Raj meets the real-life "voice of Siri", played by Becky O'Donohue. However, he finds that he cannot speak to her due to his selective mutism.
- Siri received an honorary degree in Humanity from the University of Florida during President W. Kent Fuchs's inaugural graduation speeches given during the Spring 2015 commencement ceremonies held in Ben Hill Griffin Stadium.[65]
- In the 2015 film Ant-Man, during Darren Cross and Scott Lang's fight inside a helicopter, Cross screams that he will "disintegrate" Lang, and the Siri on his iPhone responds to this by playing "Plainsong", the first track from the album Disintegration by The Cure.
- In the 2017 film The Lego Batman Movie, Siri is the credited voice of the Batcomputer used by Batman throughout the film.[66]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Jump up to: a b Gurman, Mike (November 6, 2015). "iOS 9.2 to bring Arabic support to Siri following UAE store openings". 9to5 Mac. Retrieved December 20, 2015.
- Jump up ^ Hay, Timothy (February 5, 2010). "Siri Inc. Launches 'Do Engine' Application For iPhone". Dow Jones Newswire. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
- Jump up ^ "Apple Launches iPhone 4S, iOS 5 & iCloud". Apple. October 4, 2011. Retrieved June 12, 2013.
- Jump up ^ Murph, Darren (October 4, 2011). "iPhone 4S hands-on!". Engadget. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
- Jump up ^ "iOS: About Siri". Apple Support. Apple Inc. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
- Jump up ^ "Apple — iPad — Compare iPad models.". Apple, Inc. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
- Jump up ^ https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/macos-sierra/id1127487414?mt=12&ls=1
- Jump up ^ "Apple Said to Plan Improved Cloud Services by Unifying Teams". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2016-10-08.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Scoble, Robert (April 28, 2010). "Breaking News: Siri bought by Apple". Retrieved February 5, 2016.
- Jump up ^ "Siri Personal Assistant: A Voice App That Lets You Speak to OpenTable". OpenTable. February 19, 2010. Retrieved December 23, 2011.
- Jump up ^ "Siri for iPhone is like the proverbial Genie in a bottle". TUAW. February 5, 2010. Retrieved December 23, 2011.
- Jump up ^ "Siri iPhone App Uses Speech-Recognition Technology To Organize Your Social Life". Gizmodo. February 5, 2010. Retrieved December 23, 2011.
- Jump up ^ "Siri: Your Personal Assistant for the Mobile Web". ReadWriteWeb. February 4, 2010. Retrieved December 23, 2011.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Bianca Bosker, 2013, "Siri Rising: The Inside Story Of Siri's Origins (And Why She Could Overshadow The iPhone)," in The Huffington Post (online), January 22, 2013 (updated January 24, 2013), see [1], accessed November 2, 2014.
- Jump up ^ Michael deAgonia, 2011, "After a month, Siri finds her voice," in ComputerWorld (online), November 24, 2011, see [2], accessed November 2, 2014.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Apple - iOS - Siri". Apple. Retrieved September 18, 2014.
- Jump up ^ Richmond, Shane; Barnett, Emma; Williams, Christopher (May 31, 2011). "Apple iPhone 4S event: as it happened". London: Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved October 5, 2012.
- Jump up ^ Viticci, Federico (September 27, 2011). "Apple Officially Unveils Siri Voice Assistant - Supports English, French and German". Macstories.net. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
- Jump up ^ Viticci, Federico (October 14, 2011). "There Are Some Siri Limitations Outside The US". Macstories.net. Retrieved October 16, 2011.
- Jump up ^ Sullivan, Danny (October 4, 2011). "With New Siri Promised For iPhone 4S, Apple Pulls Existing Siri From App Store". Retrieved June 19, 2012.
- Jump up ^ Gurman, Mark (October 14, 2011). "Siri voice command system ported from iPhone 4S to iPhone 4 (video)". 9to5Mac.com. Retrieved October 31, 2011.
- Jump up ^ Omar, Ahmed (October 15, 2011). "Siri Ported Successfully To The iPhone 4 (VIDEO)". CydiaHelp.com. Retrieved October 31, 2011.
- Jump up ^ "Un hacker irlandais prétend porter Siri sur iPhone 4". lemondeinformatique.fr. October 18, 2011. Retrieved October 23, 2011.
Cependant, aucune des vidéos, celle de Steve Troughton-Smith ou celle de 9-to-5 Mac, ne montre Siri en action ou ne présente un utilisateur essayant d'interagir avec les commandes vocales de Siri (However, neither video shows Siri in action or does a user attempting to interact with voice commands Siri)
- Jump up ^ Mark Gurman. "Siri hacked to fully run on the iPhone 4 and iPod touch, iPhone 4S vs iPhone 4 Siri showdown video (interview) — 9to5Mac — Apple Intelligence". 9to5Mac. Retrieved October 31, 2011.
- Jump up ^ Perez, Sarah (December 27, 2011). "Spire: A New Legal Siri Port For Any iOS 5 Device". Techcrunch. Retrieved January 23, 2012.
- Jump up ^ Paul, Grant (December 22, 2011). "Spire Proxy "FAQ"". Retrieved May 6,2012.
- Jump up ^ Benjamin, Jeff (April 21, 2012). "'AssistantServer Installer' brings half baked Siri experience to older iOS devices". iDownloadBlog. Retrieved May 6, 2012.
- Jump up ^ Baig, Edward C. (September 18, 2012). "Review: Apple iPhone 5 in front of the smartphone pack". USA Today. Retrieved June 12, 2013.
- Jump up ^ Warren, Christina (September 12, 2012). "New iPod Touch Has Siri, Larger Screen". Mashable. Retrieved June 12, 2013.
- Jump up ^ "Apple Reveals Siri Will Now Have A Male Voice Option With iOS 7 Release". Ibtimes.com. June 13, 2013. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
- Jump up ^ "Apple's 'Hey Siri' voice activation can work in battery mode with iPhone 6S". CNET. CBS Interactive.
- Jump up ^ Kastrenakes, Jacob (September 11, 2015). "Apple responds to iPhone 6S privacy concerns over always-on Siri and Live Photos". The Verge. Vox Media.
- Jump up ^ "Use Siri on your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch - Apple Support".
- Jump up ^ "ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (ACM TIST)"{{inconsistent citations}}
- Jump up ^ Berry, Pauline M.; Gervasio, Melinda; Peintner, Bart; Yorke-Smith, Neil (July 2011). "PTIME: Personalized assistance for calendaring". Acm Tist. 2 (4): 1. doi:10.1145/1989734.1989744{{inconsistent citations}}
- Jump up ^ "What is Siri? Apple's iPhone 4S assistant explained". October 5, 2011. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
- Jump up ^ "Nuance Exec on iPhone 4S, Siri, and the Future of Speech". Tech.pinions. October 10, 2011. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
- Jump up ^ Convolutional Neural Networks for small-footprint keyword spotting
- Jump up ^ An exclusive inside look at how artificial intelligence and machine learning work at Apple, 30. Juli 2016
- Jump up ^ "Apple Siri". Apple.com. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
- Jump up ^ Kontra (2012-06-13). "Spirit of Siri at Apple 25 years ago". Retrieved 2016-06-13.
- Jump up ^ Bodell, Matt (September 16, 2013). "35 Funny Things to Ask Siri in iOS 7". Akufu.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Ravitz, Jessica (October 15, 2013). "I'm the original voice of Siri". CNN. Retrieved January 4, 2015.
- Jump up ^ "iPhone Siri Real Voice Reveal - Allison Dufty". Refinery29.com. September 23, 2013. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
- Jump up ^ Warman, Matt (November 10, 2011). "The voice behind Siri breaks his silence". London: The Telegraph. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
- Jump up ^ Clover, Juli (30 May 2013). "Nuance CEO Confirms Siri Partnership with Apple". MacRumors. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
- Jump up ^ "Karen Jacobsen - The GPS Girl". Retrieved August 27, 2012.
- Jump up ^ "The women (and man) behind Siri". Stuff. Retrieved 2016-01-04.
- Jump up ^ "Journal Book". Retrieved August 27, 2012.
- Jump up ^ Eric Schmidt (November 7, 2011). "Google's Eric Schmidt: Apple's Siri could pose 'threat'". London: Telegraph. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
- Jump up ^ Brooker, Charlie (December 1, 2011). "Charlie Brooker: the dark side of our gadget addiction". The Guardian. London. Retrieved December 2, 2011.
- Jump up ^ Howard, Greg; Voorhees, Josh (December 1, 2011). "Apple Says Siri's Abortion-Clinic Blind Spot Wasn't Intentional". Slate.
- Jump up ^ Chu, Henry (February 3, 2012). "Scottish burr beyond Siri's recognition". The Age. Melbourne. Retrieved February 4, 2012.
- Jump up ^ Siri Lost in Translation with Heavy Accents. ABC News. Published October 28, 2011. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- Jump up ^ Apple's Siri Dislikes Brits, Southerners. Discovery News. Published December 21, 2011. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- Jump up ^ "Apple — Siri — Frequently Asked Questions". Apple. October 4, 2011. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
- Jump up ^ Kelly, Meghan (March 16, 2012). "Were Apple's Siri ads 'false and misleading'?". The Washington Post. VentureBeat. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
- Jump up ^ Palazzolo, Joe (March 12, 2012). "So Sirious: iPhone User Sues Apple over Voice-Activated Assistant". The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
- Jump up ^ Rebekah Kearn (July 26, 2013). "Disgruntled iPhone 4S Buyers Told to Try Again". Courthouse News Service. Courthouse News Service. Retrieved October 1, 2013.
- Jump up ^ Nicole Ozer (March 12, 2012). "Siri Not Just Working for Me, Working Full-Time for Apple, Too". ACLU of Northern California. Retrieved May 23, 2012.
- Jump up ^ "Google Search App for iOS Updated with new Voice Search function". Engadget. October 30, 2012.
- Jump up ^ "Siri vs Google Voice Search - May the Best Robot Helper Win". TUAW. November 1, 2012.
- Jump up ^ "iOS – Feature Availability". Apple. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
- Jump up ^ "EXCLUSIVO: Nuance já entregou o Siri em português para a Apple, e está trabalhando em um grande projeto para o Bradesco..." (in Portuguese). Techguru. January 7, 2013. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
- Jump up ^ "In his spring commencement address at... - Office of the President at University of Florida - Facebook". facebook.com.
- Jump up ^ Rechtshaffen, Michael (February 4, 2017). "'The Lego Batman Movie': Film Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
Further reading[edit]
- For a detailed article on the history of the organizations and technologies preceding the development of Siri, and their influence upon that application, see Bianca Bosker, 2013, "Siri Rising: The Inside Story Of Siri's Origins (And Why She Could Overshadow The iPhone)", in The Huffington Post (online), January 22, 2013 (updated January 24, 2013), accessed November 2, 2014.
External links[edit]
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